推荐回答(5个)
赏析
这首纪游词,是神宗元丰七年(1084),苏轼赴汝州(今河南汝县)任团练使途中,路经泗州(今安徽泗县)时,与泗州刘倩叔同游南山时所作。词的上片写早春景象,下片写作者与同游者游山时以清茶野餐的风味。作品充满春天的气息,洋溢着生命的活力,反映了作者对现实生活的热爱和健胜进取的精神。
词的上片写沿途景观。第一句写清晨,风斜雨细,瑟瑟寒侵,这残冬腊月是很难耐的,可是东坡却只以“作晓寒”三字出之,表现了一种不大在乎的态度。
第二句写向午的景物:雨脚渐收,烟云淡荡,河滩疏柳,尽沐晴晖。一个“媚”字,极富动感地传出作者喜悦的心声。作者从曳于淡云晴日中的疏柳,觉察到萌发中的春潮。于残冬岁暮之中把握住物象的新机,这正是东坡逸怀浩气的表现,是他精神境界上度越恒流之处。“入淮”句寄兴遥深,一结甚远。句中的“清洛”,即“洛涧”,发源于合肥,北流至怀远合于淮水,地距泗州(宋治临淮)不近,非目力能及。词中提到清洛,是以虚摹的笔法,眼前的淮水联想到上游的清碧的洛涧,当它汇入浊淮以后,就变得浑浑沌沌一片浩茫了。
下片转写作者游览时的清茶野餐及欢快心情。一起两句,作者抓住了两件有特征性的事物来描写:乳白色的香茶一盏和翡翠般的春蔬一盘。两相映托,便有浓郁的节日气氛和诱人的力量。“雪沫”乳花,状煎茶时上浮的白泡。以雪、乳形容茶色之白,既是比喻,又是夸张,形象鲜明。午盏,指午茶。此句可说是对宋人茶道的形象描绘。“蓼茸蒿笋”,即蓼芽与蒿茎,这是立春的应时节物。旧俗立春时馈送亲友以鲜嫩春菜和水果、饼铒等,称“春盘”。
此二句绘声绘色、活灵活现地写出了茶叶和鲜菜的鲜美色泽,使读者从中体味到词人品茗尝鲜时的喜悦和畅适。这种将生活形象铸成艺术形象的手法,显示出词人高雅的审美意趣和旷达的人生态度。“人间有味是清欢”,这是一个具有哲理性的命题,用词的结尾,却自然浑成,有照彻全篇之妙趣,为全篇增添了欢乐情调和诗味、理趣。
这首词,色彩清丽而境界开阔的生动画面中,寄寓着作者清旷、闲雅的审美趣味和生活态度,给人以美的享受和无尽的遐思。
浣溪沙【宋】苏轼)
轻汗微微透碧纨。明朝端午浴芳兰。
流香涨腻满晴川。彩线轻缠红玉臂,
小符斜挂绿云鬟。佳人相见一千年。
这首词作于宋哲宗绍圣二年(1095)五月四日,第二天就是端午节。岭南的旧历五月,天气已非常炎热,连清凉如水的朝云都要微微出了一身轻汗。那时端午节,女人们都要用兰花香草来沐浴,然后用彩线臂缠,以期祛病除灾。苏轼一想朝云要沐浴,便想像到明天江水要“流香涨腻”,可见朝云不仅肌肤如玉,她的身上还有一种天生奇香。
词中描写了端午沐浴的场景,彩线缠臂,可以不病湿;小符配身,可以辟五兵。“流香涨腻满晴川”,脂香粉腻顺水流淌,是一幅多么美丽而热闹的画面。而“佳人相见一千年”,则表现了两人希望一直这样相依相扶生活下去的愿望。在老迈之年谪居南荒,朝云已成了苏轼最后的慰藉和感情归宿。
注:朝云(朝云是苏轼在杭州一妓院买来的侍妾,对其很是宠爱)在这里被刻画得十分“性感”,她已经是一个丰盈的妇人了啊。关键是东坡重申了千年之约,接连表态,时光愈进,爱恋愈深。端午那日,东坡为朝云庆生,在穷荒之地办了喜庆的宴会。他欢愉如“白发之儿”,饮醉之后又想起自己的愿望,说欲与朝云一同升仙。这种幸福令人沉醉,尤其是自以为命不长久的东坡,不料,天不遂人愿,朝云与他两个妻子一样先去了。
上片,预示端午节日,将开展浴兰活动,气氛十分浓郁。端午,处于初夏季节。穿着自然华丽,以衬托参与者的身份。于朝云来说,最好是绿色细绢——“碧纨”,正好与她的雅静性格相符。天气稍热,易出“轻汗”,“微透”着“碧纨”。“透”字用得贴切,将半明半暗的肤体朦胧美衬托出来了。“明朝端午浴芳兰”,显得有愉悦的审美性。它不仅体现了朝云由芳体而及兰心的纯洁高贵的情操美,而且反映了浴兰令节俗的淳朴纯真美。朝云浴处,余香犹存。沐芳浴兰,遍及社会。参与者人山人海,气氛热烈,正如词人词中所写:“流香涨腻满晴川”。这正是古老节日文化发扬光大的表现。
下片,写词人偕朝云参与具体的端午节俗活动。词人着重写了两项端午节俗健身活动。其一,“彩线轻缠红玉臂”,“以五彩丝系臂”。它辟邪驱鬼,使朝云“玉臂”“红”而长命。与用五色花线缠粽子投江以吊屈原之魂有同等意义。其二,“小符斜挂绿云鬟”,以“赤灵符著心前”。它能通神明,使朝云“云鬟”“绿”而身健。与小孩穿老虎腰肚,门上挂蒲剑以辟邪护身有同等意义。词人着重描写缠线、挂符活动,且用对偶句式,为的是“佳人相见一千年”,愿灵验得到应证。真是一语中的,画龙点睛。
全词是篇民俗诗,充满了浓郁的古老民俗气息,是研究端午民俗最形象而珍贵的资料。
本篇描写妇女欢度端午佳节的情景。上篇描述她们节日前进行的各种准备,下篇刻画她们按照民间风俗,彩线缠玉臂,小符挂云鬟,互致节日的祝贺。
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