推荐回答(4个)
脱水是指人体大量丧失水分和Na+,引起细胞外液严重减少的现象。按其严重程度的不同,可分为高渗性脱水、低渗性脱水和等渗性脱水。
高渗性脱水 高渗性脱水又称缺水性脱水,即失水多于失盐。这种情况大多是由于高温、大量出汗或发高烧等导致大量失水,未能及时补充而造成的。由于细胞外液的渗透压升高,抗利尿激素的分泌增加,故患者有明显的口渴、尿少等症状。较轻的高渗性脱水患者,如能及早饮水,可以得到缓解。情况严重时,可采用向患者滴注质量分数为5%的葡萄糖溶液的方法进行治疗。
低渗性脱水 低渗性脱水又称缺盐性脱水,即失盐多于失水。这种情况大多是由于严重呕吐、腹泻、大出血或大面积烧伤等,导致水和盐的大量丢失,又未能及时补充而造成的。由于细胞外液的渗透压降低,抗利尿激素的分泌减少,故患者的尿量增加,也无口渴的现象,容易造成没有脱水的假象。这种情况可以采用向患者输入生理盐水的方法进行治疗。
等渗性脱水 等渗性脱水又称混合性脱水,即失水和失盐的程度差不多。这一类脱水是临床上最常见的,例如,呕吐、腹泻引起的脱水多半属于这一类。这种情况可以采用向患者输入生理盐水和质量分数为5%的葡萄糖溶液的方法进行治疗。
给脱水病人补液时,应特别注意根据以上三种不同的脱水情况,及患者的脱水程度,有无酸中毒等,给予不同的液体。
你要先分清楚原因是因为什么脱水 ,上面这个朋友说了脱水的医学上的解释我就不再说了 我说说他没提到的
脱水是指体内液体,特别是细胞外液的大量丢失体外,造成体内电解质紊乱,影响体内重要器官的正常功能,严重时可危及生命的一种现象。腹泻的孩子口服液体的服用量为头4小时服完20~40ml/kg的特定液体,以后随时口服,能喝多少给多少。
这种特定液体是指:
(1)米汤加盐溶液,配制方法为米汤500毫升加细盐1.75克(约半啤酒瓶铁盖)。
(2)糖盐水,配制方法为清洁水500毫升加白糖10克加细盐1.75克,煮沸后服用。
(3)口服补液盐(ORS)。
有一点要特别注意。对于新生儿腹泻,父母要慎用口服补充液体疗法。在家庭治疗过程中,若孩子出现腹泻次数与量增加、不能正常进食、频繁呕吐、明显口渴、超过38℃的发热中的任意一项,即应到医院看医生。医生可根据小儿情况考虑是否需要静脉输液,纠正脱水
多喝开水,适当的吃些水果
脱水不要吃过于辣的食物,以后少吸烟,喝酒。
拓展:
脱水原因
1.高渗性脱水的原因:
(1)摄入水分不足,如长期禁食、食管癌致吞咽困难、重危患者的给水不足、昏迷等.
(2)水分丧失过多,例如大量出汗、大面积烧伤暴露疗法、气管切开术后等.
(3)利用高渗性溶液引起渗透性利尿等.
2.低渗性脱水的原因:
(1)胃肠道消化液持续性丢失,如反复呕吐、长期胃肠减压引流或慢性肠梗阻,以致大量钠随消化液而排出;(2)大创面的慢性渗液;
(3)应用排钠利尿剂如氯噻酮、依他尼酸等时,未注意补给适量的钠盐,以致体内缺钠程度多于缺水;(4)等渗性脱水治疗时补充水份过多.
3.等渗性脱水的原因:
(1)消化液的急性丧失,如肠瘘、大量呕吐等.
(2)体液丧失在感染区或软组织内,如腹腔内或腹膜后感染、肠梗阻、烧伤等.
人脱水后要及时补充生理盐水,家里补充淡盐水就可以啦
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