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水电阻软起动装置的工作原理
在电动机星点的定子回路中串接液体电阻,电动机在起动过程中通过水电阻柜中电极板的移动来改变液体电阻值的大小,从而均匀地提高电动机端电压,降低了电动机的启动电流,减少电网的电压降和冲击,电动机的转速随着电阻值得减少平滑的升高,励磁装置随时检测电动机转速,当电动机转速达到额定转速的90%(2700转/分)时,励磁装置QYJ发出投全压信号,液态软起动设备中的星点柜开关合闸,将液体电阻切除,电动机星点短接,转入全压启动阶段。转速迅速上升,当电动机转速达到额定转速的97%(2910转/分)左右时,励磁装置自动投励,将电动机拉入同步转速(3000转/分),投入正常运行。起动过程中,液体电阻值在预定的时间内自动无级减少,直至接近为零时电动机投入全压运行。由于该装置的核心部分在电气一次主回路上,设备维护量小,启动运行可靠。
水电阻软起动装置采用PLC控制,利用计算机仿真软件对电动机的启动过程进行模拟器起动,使电动机起动的全过程可预测、可调整、可控制。系统组成如图一所示。在电动机的定子回路中串入电液变阻装置的三相电阻,QF1为主电机运行断路器,QF2为星点短接断路器,SR为电解液变阻器,QS2为隔离开关。QYJ为励磁装置投全压继电器的常开接点,KA1为PLC控制星点闭合中间继电器的接点,KA3为PLC故障跳闸出口控制星点断开中间继电器的接点,K1为防跳继电器,H为星点柜合闸线圈,F为星点柜跳闸线圈,R1为1欧姆/25W电阻,3TA、4TA为电流互感器,SB6、SB7为手动星点柜闭合、跳开按钮,HL9、HL10为星点柜断开、星点柜闭合指示灯,FU1、FU2熔断器,电解液变阻器是由3个相互绝缘电解箱组成,内部分别盛有电液及一组相对应的导电极板,动极板通过传动机构及伺服系统控制运行,司服系统受控于PLC,PLC系统利用内部计算机仿真软件对起动过程进行控制,起动开始根据电机电流大小自动的调整液阻值(动极板的开始位置),使整个起动过程在较小的启动电流,均匀升速而液阻无级切换,从而实现电机的软起动。 液体电阻配制:1、 配液用水:一般选用经过净置后去掉沉淀物的生活用水即可。2、 电阻溶剂即电阻粉,由生产厂商提供。 3、 液体起动电阻RO的确定: RO=0.577*U2e/I2e·KF·kt/kM 式中:U2e:电机转子回路的开路电压(V) I2e:电机转子回路的额定电流(A) KF:电机功率容裕倍数。(KF =1.1-1.3,取1.2) kt:温度倍数。(kt =1.1-1.3,取1.2) kM:起动转矩倍数。(kM =1.1-1.3,取1.2) 根据实际情况,我们将上述公式进行简化后: RO=0.7*U2e/I2e 式中:U2e:电机转子回路的开路电压(V) I2e:电机转子回路的额定电流(A) 4、 电阻的配制:① 先将动极板置于起动位置,将准备好的水注入到水箱规定位置的2/3左右,注意三格液位要基本相等;② 将配制好的溶液注入水箱中; ③ 分别向液阻箱中加水至要求液位; ④ 扳动试验按钮,使极板上下运动二、三次,使箱内电阻液搅拌均匀; ⑤ 液体电阻的测量 将液体电阻的活动极板移到起动位置后,通过自耦变压器给每相动静极板之间通过50Hz电,电流从0开始逐渐正大至5A左右电流I(A),记下电流表A的读数,并测量两极之间压降V(V),测液体电阻值为: R(Ω)= V(V)/ I(A) 测量电路如下:⑥ 电阻的调整 如偏大应增大电阻液浓度,否则应降低其浓度,调节方法是用软管抽出部分溶液加水或电液粉(电解粉)。
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