推荐回答(1个)
同学你好,希望以下方法对你有用:
语文学习方法----基本要求1.读懂:凡须掌握的知识,一定要反复琢磨,理解透彻,读一次不懂,再读,三读,直至读懂;决不走马观花一知半解,若明若暗。古人云,“读书破万卷”,关键在“破”字上,破即读懂。不懂就要有疑善问,务求破疑弄个明白。2.读通:融会贯通,闻一知十,举一反三,触类旁通。搞清知识来龙去脉,前后知识联系,使之连贯一气,成为体系,首先把书的内容联系起来思考,达到泾滑分明。其次,要注意纵横比较,充分把握其纵向和横向的系统结构,再次,温故知新和新旧转换,不断改善智能结构。 3.读活:将静态知识化为活的知识。把书读活先要理解精髓、灵活运用,并对书的内容加以深化或再创造。掌握读书方法:1.程序读书法:即按较优的次序读。作者→书名→内容提要→目录→序言→结语2.层次读书法:即有重点逐步由浅入深地读书。书的内容往往不能一次读懂,这就需要层次,一般可分为浏览、通读、精读、评读、重读多层。当然这仅限于经典著作或科技书中。3.比较读书法:任何文献都不是彼此孤立的,其间有一定的联系。通过比较阅读,就知异同,见优劣。车尔尼雪夫斯基说过:“任何东西,凡是我们拿来和别的东西比较时,显得高出许多的,便是伟大。” 曾写过《魏书》的夏候谌听人称赞陈寿写的《三国志》,便找来细读再三,认为《三国志》确比自己的《魏书》好,当即烧掉了自己的书稿。 用对比读书法,能开阔视野,有助于鉴别、验证和判断书的真伪、优劣和好坏,提高理解、接受和运用的能力,东晋女诗人谢道韫有一个雅号“咏絮才”便是对比定优劣的一个例子。主要对比法有四种类型:(1) 纵比:以了解其继承、演变和发展,找出规律性,促进科学的进步和发展。牛顿正是在伽利略的基础上经过反复比较,获得他的辉煌成就。(2)横比法:截取知识发展洪流的某一个横断面,将其中各个不同部分加以比较,从中把握个性规律。例如,唐诗中李白想像丰富,风格雄健,辞采瑰玮,语言清新,有“诗仙”之称,而杜甫则有“诗圣”之誉。(3)类比读书法:彼此有联系的不同知识认真比较。如飞机与蜻蜓的飞行比较,这是仿生学的一项内容,类别可不同类但有相关性,如“欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜”,又如法拉弟用发电机发电,伏特用蓄电池发电,可谓殊途同归。(4) 综合比较法: 从多角度多方面进行总体性比较。4.质疑读书法: “尺信书,不如无书”读书贵在疑,小疑则小进,大疑则大进。可疑之外无时不介,可疑之书,层出不穷,屈原《无问》,王充《论衡》都是质疑的精华。5.循序读书法: 即由简至繁,由浅入深读书,古人云:“运用之妙,存乎一心”,但常采用此法,朱熹说“循序而渐进,熟读而精思”,理在于此。6.溯源读书法: 务来明确知识的来龙去脉 ,对其产生、发展的过程把握透彻。 “问渠哪得清如许,为有源失活水来”,用在读书方法上,就是善于溯源读书,搞清来源和流向,从而真正把书读懂读活、透,读活。7.推测读书法: 就是在阅读关键外或疑难外,掩卷而思,或沿着作者思维轨迹追足踪探索。 牛顿说“没大胆的清测,就做不出伟大的贡献”。即使推测没有新发现,也可消除大脑疲劳,精神振奋,提高读书效益。8.逆向读书法: 在读书过程中,善于调整或改变思维方向,角度追求新知。逆向读书法可以开拓思路,把知识读活。例如欧氏几何认为,过直线外一点可以而且只能作一直线与之平行,但年轻的罗巴切夫斯基却向相反的方向去构思,如何可作不只一条平行呢?由此产生了“非欧几何”。9.渗透读书法: 就是在潜心钻研某一问题时,要读一些相关学科的书刊,从不同角度,不同侧面,以不同见解和方法来思考,以开阔视野,活跃思维,博系众家之长。从而提高学习效率,并有所创新,有所发现。10.个性读书法: 是扬长避短,发挥优势的读书之法。人的性格、背景、气质、基础、潜力、才干多不相同。如能正确认识自己,发现自己,塑造自己,最大限度地发挥优势和特长,就一定能高效地读书,并获得应有的成功。此外,还有“破一卷”读书法; “人而孚敌”法(东坡提出的精读法;即每次只钻研开一个侧面,最后掌握全书精髓); “鲸吞牛食”法(速度和精度的结合); “结构读书法”(先掌握基本概念,基本理论和基本方法,以及结构体系); “三诵”读书法(朗诵、默诵、背诵)等。 感谢您对新东方在线的支持和信任如您的问题未能得到妥善解决或您遇其他问题
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