脖子上长了很多像鸡皮一样的小疙瘩,而且很痒,是怎么回事?
推荐回答(2个)
疾病 病痛 医疗: 医疗保健 - 病痛咨询
要明白这件事的道理,就要先把皮肤的构造弄清楚。皮肤分为三层,最外面一层叫表皮,表皮的最外面是透明的角质层,这一层质地比较硬,有保护下面各层组织的功用。角质层在身体各个部分的厚薄不一样,凡是经常受到压挤和磨擦的部位,角质层就厚,否则就薄。比如脚底板的角质层就厚达0.5毫米,而臂部的内测,就只有0.02毫米。角质层下面是透明层和颗粒层。颗粒层的细胞很活跃,不断繁殖,繁殖后又逐渐变化成角质层,逐渐上推。人的皮肤受伤后,就靠这些细胞的繁殖,而使伤口愈合。颗粒层的细胞内还含有色素,色素多了,人的皮肤就发黑,少了,皮肤就白些。
表皮下面一层叫真皮。真皮的外形呈波浪起伏状,凸出的部分叫乳头,这里有丰富的神经末梢,司管皮肤上的各种感觉。
真皮下面是第三层,叫皮下组织。这里组织较疏松,含有不少脂肪,还有神经、血管等。
在皮肤上还有毛发,毛发有粗的(如头发),有细的。这些毛发末端伸出表皮,露在皮外,有点歪歪斜斜,而不是笔直地插在皮下组织里。除去毛发外,还有汗腺、皮脂腺、立毛肌。汗腺是排泄汗液的,出汗起着调节体温的作用。毛发的根部,连着一条细小的肌肉,叫立毛肌,或竖毛肌。肌肉的另一端连在真皮层。在竖毛肌与毛发所形成的夹角里,正好有皮脂腺,皮脂腺是分泌油质的,头皮里油脂特别厚,就是皮脂腺大量分泌的结果。
身体肌肉分两类,一类是可以随意活动的,比如胳膊、腿脚上的骨骼肌,想动就能动起来。另外一类是不能随意活动的,主要是平滑肌。比如胃、肠、气管、食管……等器官上的肌肉,竖毛肌也是一种平滑肌。平滑肌是由身体的植物神经支配的。其中的交感神经系统,就司管平滑肌竖毛肌的收缩。当人体的皮肤突然受到寒冷刺激时,交感神经就兴奋起来,支配竖毛肌立即收缩。
竖毛肌收缩后,皮肤上就会发生这样的现象:因为毛发被竖毛肌从根部拉紧了,歪斜的毛发这时候竖直起来了,竖直的毛发又把毛孔带起一块小疙瘩,于是就产生了鸡皮疙瘩。人体在发烧初起时,由于皮肤上的血管发生收缩,流到皮肤的血液变少了,所以皮肤的温度降低了,人也会象被风吹着一样感到寒冷,也会起鸡皮疙瘩。
人体的头发很长,一般说,竖毛肌无法把它拉直了。但如果人留的是短发,在愤怒时,由于交感神经受刺激,头发也可能直立起来。古代文人写文章,把这叫“怒发冲冠”,是夸大其词的。
起鸡皮疙瘩后,竖毛肌的收缩还产生另一种现象,就是它把夹在毛根附近的皮脂腺挤压了,把皮脂腺内的油脂顺着毛发压到皮表上,使皮表的油质增多。油质一般不易传热,有助于防止体温进一步散失,同时又可以使毛发光泽,不易干折。
疾病
病痛
医疗:
医疗保健
-
病痛咨询
要明白件事道理要先皮肤构造弄清楚皮肤三层外面层叫表皮表皮外面透明角质层层质比较硬保护面各层组织功用角质层身体各部厚薄凡经受压挤磨擦部位角质层厚否则薄比脚底板角质层厚达0.5毫米臂部内测0.02毫米角质层面透明层颗粒层颗粒层细胞跃断繁殖繁殖逐渐变化角质层逐渐推皮肤受伤靠些细胞繁殖使伤口愈合颗粒层细胞内含色素色素皮肤发黑少皮肤白些
表皮面层叫真皮真皮外形呈波浪起伏状凸部叫乳丰富神经末梢,司管皮肤各种觉
真皮面第三层叫皮组织组织较疏松含少脂肪神经、血管等
皮肤毛发毛发粗(发)细些毛发末端伸表皮露皮外点歪歪斜斜笔直插皮组织除毛发外汗腺、皮脂腺、立毛肌汗腺排泄汗液汗起着调节体温作用毛发根部连着条细肌肉叫立毛肌或竖毛肌肌肉另端连真皮层竖毛肌与毛发所形夹角皮脂腺皮脂腺泌油质皮油脂特别厚皮脂腺量泌结
身体肌肉两类类随意比胳膊、腿脚骨骼肌想能起另外类能随意主要平滑肌比胃、肠、气管、食管……等器官肌肉竖毛肌种平滑肌平滑肌由身体植物神经支配其交神经系统司管平滑肌竖毛肌收缩体皮肤突受寒冷刺激交神经兴奋起支配竖毛肌立即收缩
竖毛肌收缩皮肤发现象:毛发竖毛肌根部拉紧歪斜毛发候竖直起竖直毛发毛孔带起块疙瘩于产鸡皮疙瘩体发烧初起由于皮肤血管发收缩流皮肤血液变少所皮肤温度降低象风吹着寒冷起鸡皮疙瘩
体发般说竖毛肌拉直留短发愤怒由于交神经受刺激发能直立起古代文写文章叫怒发冲冠夸其词
起鸡皮疙瘩竖毛肌收缩产另种现象夹毛根附近皮脂腺挤压皮脂腺内油脂顺着毛发压皮表使皮表油质增油质般易传热助于防止体温进步散失同使毛发光泽易干折
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