孟庆禹:决定国企高管薪酬的因素应该有哪些?

2025-03-06 22:34:38
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

孟庆禹: 决定国企高管薪酬的因素应该有哪些? 我个人认为,决定国企高管薪酬的因素有四个:一是薪酬决定的主体,二是薪酬确定的原则,三是薪酬形成的机制,四是薪酬的参考内容。也就是国企高管薪酬由谁决定,根据什么决定,怎样决定,以及决定时应注意什么。 企业高管薪酬应该由谁决定,普遍能接受的逻辑是,由出资人决定,即谁出资谁决策。2003年以后伴随国有资产管理体制改革,设立国务院国资委,代表国家履行出资人职责,应该说国企高管薪酬决定主体已经确定。国资委集管资产与管人、管事于一身。高管薪酬问题,无论从分配角度,还是从聘用制度、激励机制等方面看,既是资产的问题,也是人与事的问题,由各级国资委决定国企高管薪酬应是顺理成章的。 高管薪酬根据什么决定?根据业绩定薪酬。2003年以来,国资委在建立国企高管薪酬制度之时,先行一步建立了国企负责人经营业绩考核管理办法,从而确立了中央企业的“业绩观”。企业高管薪酬多少是由企业自身业绩决定的——业绩升,薪酬升;业绩降,薪酬降。当然,不能机械地认为业绩与薪酬是水涨多高船就涨多高的关系。国资委不仅将薪酬分为基本薪酬、绩效薪酬和长期激励等几个部分,而且也将经营业绩分成年度考核和任期考核。也可以理解为,国企高管薪酬是由业绩等多种因素决定的。 薪酬是怎样形成的?目前中央企业的普遍做法是,经营目标层层分解,业绩考核逐级落实,中央企业负责人直接与国资委签订目标责任书,央企内部母子公司签订目标责任书。企业负责人薪酬高低完全取决于年度经营目标和任期目标的完成情况。经营目标既有定量指标,也有定性因素。虽然业绩考核的数理模型难于保证科学准确,但方向和方法是不容置疑的。 目前进行董事会试点的中央企业和整体上市的国有控股企业都建立了以外部董事占多数的董事会,董事会下设薪酬委员会,由外部董事担任主任,负责与国资委进行直接业务联系。由公司董事会考核高管,确定薪酬的体制逐渐形成。这样既解决了央企业绩考核的规范管理问题,又满足了企业业绩考核、薪酬体系的个性化需求,同时也向企业发展战略导向迈出了一步。企业董事会可根据战略目标下达任务,对高管完成任务情况进行考核,要做什么就考核什么,然后按照考核结果兑现薪酬。有的中央企业为了配合董事会对高管的考核,建立了董事会与高管签订目标责任书和公司高管向董事会进行年度述职的制度。董事会能更多地了解和判断企业绩效中多少是客观条件,多少是高管主观努力的结果。 确定薪酬值得注意的问题。国资委在确定业绩考核指标时,已经将企业行业特征、所处区域、难易程度、同业比较、职工薪酬等因素影响量化到数理模型之中,但还有一些不易把握的因素影响着薪酬。主要是社会承受能力的问题,这里既有了解、理解的因素,又有兼顾各方、求得和谐的问题。应更多地宣传国资委目前的做法,让更多的人知情。 社会这样高度关注国企高管薪酬,是由国有企业的资产属性决定的。相信只要我们按社会常理办事,在各种因素中求得动态平衡,国企高管薪酬问题是能达成共识的。

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