开关S1和S2闭合,S3断开,电压表测电源电压,则电源电压为U;当S1、S2断开,S3闭合时,R1与R2串联,电压表测R1两端的电压,则U1= 1 3 U,∵串联电路中总电压等于各分电压之和,∴R2两端电压:U2=U-U1=U- 1 3 U= 2 3 U,∵串联电路中各处的电流相等,∴由I= U R 得: R1 R2 = U1 I U2 I = U1 U2 = 1 3 U 2 3 U = 1 2 .故选B.