开头是“辛弃疾自幼安,齐之历城人”是什么文言文

2024-11-30 00:38:28
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

出自《宋史·辛弃疾传》。

辛弃疾字幼安,齐之历城人。少师蔡伯坚,与党怀英同学,号辛、党。始筮仕,决以蓍①,怀英遇“坎” ②,因留事金,弃疾得“离”,遂决意南归。
金主亮死,中原豪杰并起。耿京聚兵山东,称天平节度使,节制山东、河北忠义军马,弃疾为掌书记③,即劝京决策南向。僧义端者,喜谈兵,弃疾间与之游。及在京军中,义端亦聚众千余,说下之,使隶京。义端一夕窃印以逃,京大怒,欲杀弃疾,弃疾曰:“丐我三日期,不获,就死未晚。”揣僧必以虚实奔告金帅,急追获之。义端曰:“我识君真相,乃青兕也④,力能杀人,幸勿杀我。”弃疾斩其首归报,京益壮之。
绍兴三十二年,京令弃疾奉表归宋,高宗劳师建康,召见,嘉纳之,授承务郎、天平节度掌书记,并以节使印告召京。会张安国、邵进已杀京降金,弃疾还至海州,与众谋曰:“我缘主帅来归朝⑤,不期事变,何以复命?”乃约统制王世隆及忠义人马全福等径趋金营,安国方与金将酣饮,即众中缚之以归,金将追之不及。献俘行在⑥,斩安国于市。仍授前官,改差江阴佥判。弃疾时年二十三。
乾道四年,通判建康府。六年,孝宗召对延和殿。时虞允文当国,帝锐意恢复,弃疾因论南北形势及三国、晋、汉人才,持论劲直,不为迎合。作《九议》并《应问》三篇、《美芹十论》献于朝,言逆顺之理,消长之势,技之长短,地之要害,甚备,以讲和方定,议不行。迁司农寺主簿,出知滁州。州罹兵烬,井邑凋残,弃疾宽征薄赋,招流散,教民兵,议屯田,乃创奠枕楼、繁雄馆。辟江东安抚司参议官,留守叶衡雅重之。衡入相,力荐弃疾慷慨有大略。召见,迁仓部郎官,提点江西刑狱。平剧盗赖文政有功,加秘阁修撰。调京西转运判官,差知江陵府,兼湖北安抚。
[注] ①蓍(shī):一种草。古人用来占卜。②坎、离:均为卦名。坎在八卦中的方位为北方,离为南方。③掌书记:节度使的属官,掌管文书笺奏,亦可参议军务。④青兕(sì):传说为太上老君的坐骑。兕:犀牛一类的野兽。⑤缘:因为。归朝:归顺南宋朝廷。⑥行在:皇帝所在的地方。
6.对下列句中加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是
A.少师蔡伯坚 师:以……为师
B.弃疾间与之游 游:游玩
C.丐我三日期,不获就死未晚 丐:给予,给
D.迁司农主簿 迁:升职或调动官职
7.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义与用法相同的一组是
A、揣僧必以虚实奔告金帅 云无心以出岫
B、怀英遇“坎” ,因留事金 蒙故业,因遗策
C乃约统制王世隆及忠义人马全福等径趋金营 乃瞻衡宇,载欣载奔
D、斩安国于市 彼于致福者,未数数然也
8.下列句子分别编为四组,全都表现辛弃疾有勇有谋的一组是
①弃疾曰:“与我三日期,不获,就死未晚。” ②弃疾斩其首归报,京益壮之
③即众中缚之以归 ④献俘行在,斩安国于市 ⑤弃疾因论南北形势及三国、晋、汉人才,持论劲直,不为迎合 ⑥平剧盗赖文政有功,加秘阁修撰。
A.①③⑤ B. ②④⑥ C.①②④ D.②④⑤
9. 把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(18分,每小题3分)
(1)我缘主帅来归朝,不期事变,何以复命?
(2)辟江东安抚司参议官,留守叶衡雅重之。
(3)屈贾谊于长沙,非无圣主:窜梁鸿于海曲,岂乏明时?(《滕王阁序》)
(4)且举世誉之而不加劝,举世非之而不加沮,定乎内外之分,辩乎荣辱之境,斯已矣。(《逍遥游》)
(5)寓形宇内复几时?曷不委心任去留?胡为乎遑遑欲何之?(《归去来兮辞》)
(6)诏书特下,拜臣郎中,寻蒙国恩,除臣冼马。(《陈情表》)
参考答案:
6.B(游:交往)
7.C 于是,就(A把;连词。B于是;沿袭D在;对于)
8.A(④句未写辛弃疾有勇有谋)
9.(1)我因主帅归顺朝廷的事前来,没想到发生变故,拿什么复命呢?
(2)(朝廷)征召(辛弃疾)做江东安抚司参议官,留守叶衡很看重他。
【译文】
辛弃疾,字幼安,山东历城人。年轻时以蔡伯坚为师,与党怀英同学,并称辛、党。当初(辛、党)占卜仕途,凭蓍草(占卜)决定,怀英得到的是坎卦,于是留(在北方)为金主做事,而辛弃疾得到离卦,就下决心南归大宋。
金主完颜亮死后,中原豪杰纷纷起义。耿京在山东聚集人马,号称天平节度使,调配管辖山东、河北效忠大宋王朝的军马,辛弃疾在耿京手下做掌书记,就劝耿京作南归决断。僧人义端,好论军事,早先辛弃疾有时跟他有来往。等到辛弃疾在耿京军中,义端也聚集了一千多人,(辛弃疾)劝他投奔耿京,让他做了耿京的下属。义端一天晚上,窃得耿京的大印而逃,耿京大怒,要杀辛弃疾。辛弃疾说:“请给我三天期限,(我)不抓到他,再杀我也不晚。”他推测义端一定将义军的虚实报告金帅,马上行动抓住了他。义端(用计)道:“我知道你真正的命相,是青犀相,你有力量杀人,(然而)幸运的是你不会杀我。”辛弃疾(并不理会),斩其首回报耿京,耿京更认为他是壮士。
绍兴三十二年,耿京命令辛弃疾带奏表归宋,宋高宗正在建康慰问军队,召见了他,嘉奖了他,授他承务郎天平节度使掌书记的官职,同时用节度使印和文告召耿京。正遇张安国、邵进已杀耿京降金了,辛弃疾回到海州,与众人谋划道:“我因主帅归顺朝廷的事前来,没想到发生变故,拿什么复命呢?”于是邀约统制王世隆及忠义人马全福等直奔金营,(此时)张安国正与金将饮酒兴浓,就当着众人将他捆绑起来带走,金将没追上他们,辛弃疾将张安国献给朝廷。(朝廷)在闹市中将张安国斩首。朝廷还是将先前的官职授予辛弃疾,改做江阴佥判。当时他二十三岁。
乾道四年,(他)到建康府做通判。乾道六年,孝宗召见大臣们在延和殿对策。当时虞允文掌管国事,孝宗帝在恢复中原问题上态度坚决,辛弃疾乘机谈了南北形势及三国、晋、汉的人才,所持的观点强硬而直露,不被(孝宗帝)采纳。(辛弃疾)写了《九议》和《应问》三篇,《美芹十论》献给朝廷,论述(敌我)不利和有利的条件,形势的变化发展,战术的长处短处,地形的有利有害,极为详细。因为朝廷和金主讲和刚成定局,(所以他的)建议不能实行。改任司农主簿,出任滁州知府。滁州遭战火毁坏严重,村落破败,辛弃疾放宽并减轻赋税,招回逃难流散的百姓,教练民兵,提议军队屯垦,于是创立了奠枕楼,繁雄馆。朝廷征召(辛弃疾)做江东安抚司参议官,留守叶衡很看重他,叶衡入朝为相,竭力推荐胸有大志谋略过人的辛弃疾。(孝宗)召见,改任仓部郎官,做江西提点刑狱。(因为)铲平大盗赖文政有功,加官秘阁修撰。(后)调任京西转运判官,做江陵知府兼湖北安抚使。

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