如何鉴定宋元钧瓷

2025-03-31 21:05:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

钧瓷,是我国古代闻名的名窑瓷器之一,在北宋时期和汝瓷、官瓷、哥瓷、定瓷并称为五大名瓷,是当时宫廷御用的瓷器之一。故古人有“家财万贯,不如有钧瓷一件”之说法。钧瓷发源于唐代,当时在河南境内的鲁山段店和郏县黄道等地所烧造的花釉窑变瓷应是最早的钧瓷,所以直到现在当地人们一般还习惯把这种花釉窑变瓷称为唐钧。 钧瓷烧造发源于唐代,但北宋时期才是钧瓷发展的壮盛时期,当时在河南禹县,工匠们烧出了天青、天蓝、月白、玫瑰紫等一些贵重窑变色彩,也凭借着这些变幻无限的颜色,使钧瓷在北宋时期名噪一时,成为当时闻名的五大名窑之一。后来宋金战乱时期,大批优秀工匠南迁,使钧瓷烧造水平随之下降。到元代时,钧瓷烧造水平已经大不如北宋时期了,但因为钧瓷色彩斑斓,深受北方人民的喜爱,元代时钧瓷在民间又一次发展起来,窑口从河南一地开始向北方传播,山西、山东、河北、内蒙古等地都泛起了烧造钧瓷的窑口。元代以后,跟着北方战乱不断,明、清时期钧瓷烧造越来越少,直到清末才有人重烧,但清末、民国时规模很小,几乎断烧,直到1955年才开始恢复烧造。我们现在所说的钧瓷珍藏,一般是指宋元时期的钧瓷珍藏。北宋时期的钧瓷已经很少能见到,元代钧瓷因为当时产量较大,市场上偶然还能见到一些,但因为钧瓷深受人们的喜爱,在市场上一泛起往往也是藏家竞相争抢的藏品,所以价格一直居高不下,现在,一件品相相对好一些的元代钧瓷碗盘,好比带红斑的元代钧窑碗盘能卖到数万元,而且市场上的价格仍在一路攀升。我们在珍藏钧瓷时一定要对各时代的钧瓷有所了解,这样在市场上大家才能去伪存真,珍藏到真正的钧瓷藏品。下面简朴谈一下宋元时期钧瓷的区别与鉴定,供藏友们参考。 宋代钧瓷一般光彩沉稳,窑变天然,胎土细腻,釉面活动感平均,釉面开片较少,气泡少,棕眼很少或无棕眼,施釉到底足且足心施釉。元代钧瓷一般光彩亮丽,胎土较粗松,釉水活动感强且釉水厚重,多有垂釉现象,釉面开片大,气泡多,棕眼较多,而且窑变多为人为点、刷形成,施釉不到底,底心露胎且多有乳状突起。因为钧瓷烧造时温度较高,所以不论宋钧、元钧,釉面一般不吃土,玻璃感较强,有时有水蚀现象,但土蚀情况较少。也就是说,假如大家在市场上碰到一个土蚀严峻的钧瓷就一定要小心了。而且钧瓷釉面莹润细滑,摸着手感较滑腻,假如你看到的钧瓷釉面很干涩的话,就要小心了。当然,还有良多鉴定钧瓷的方法,但一般要有经验的积累才行,以上这些只是鉴定钧瓷的一点小窍门,但愿大家在珍藏时能用得到,同时也但愿大家都能珍藏到好的钧瓷藏品。

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