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珍珠鸡,自25周龄后即应转入产蛋鸡舍饲养,约在66周龄时淘汰,产蛋鸡在蛋鸡舍共生活41周左右。产蛋期是种鸡饲养全程的收益时期,任何饲养管理工作上的疏忽大意,都会直接影响到种鸡的生产成绩和经济效益。
1)产蛋期的饲料新珠鸡转入成年鸡舍后约在22周龄或3月中旬开始使用过渡饲料,也可将育成前期饲料与产蛋期饲料混合使用,并将维生素的添加量增加30%;在产蛋率达到lO%左右时转换为产蛋前期饲料,大约在8月底前后换为产蛋后期饲料。产蛋期间饲料要相对稳定,不能经常调换饲料配方或主要原料,换料应有5-7天的过渡期,以使珍珠鸡的消化系统能够很好地适应。产蛋珍珠鸡饲料的质量必须保证,发霉变质的原料不能使用,存放时间过长者也尽可能不用。
2)喂饲方法产蛋期间尤其是45周龄以前应保证鸡群充分采食,只有摄人足够的营养才能保证高的产蛋率。一般在产蛋期间每天喂全价料90克左右,喂饲3-4次,第1次喂料应在早上开灯后2小时内进行,最后1次喂料则应在晚上关灯前3小时左右进行,中午前后可喂1-2次。
3)均匀采食喂料时尽可能使料槽中饲料布放均匀,每次喂料后半小时要匀料1次。下次喂料前要检查上次喂料后的采食情况,若槽内局部有饲料堆积则应检查该处鸡只数量、鸡的精神状态及笼具有无变形。若没发现异常则应将该处饲料匀到他处让鸡采食。
4)饲料形态对于产蛋期的种珍珠鸡一般都喂干粉料,只有在喂料后约1小时发现料槽内仍有少量碎粉料时可以用少量水将其拌湿以刺激采食。饲料的颜色、气味、颗粒大小都会影响采食,要尽可能保持稳定。
5)做好喂料记录包括喂料的类型、生产单位和日期、当天总喂量、当日平均采食量等。
珍珠鸡的育成期分为育成前期和育成后期,前者为22~56日龄,后者为57日龄~25周龄。
1.育成鸡舍在四季温差较大的地方育成鸡采用密闭式鸡舍,鸡舍可为水泥地面,应方便冲洗消毒。育成鸡舍应设有自然通风和机械通风。所有透光部分应有遮光帘,进口处要有铁丝网。育成鸡可地面散养,天冷时地面铺垫草,天热时铺以沙子,也可采用全地板网、2/3地板网或1/2地板网养,其余部分地面铺垫草。地面散养时,鸡舍内要有高栖架,供鸡栖息。在比较冷的地方,育成前期,特别是从育雏舍转来时仍需有一定设备供暖,可以将这些鸡集中在一个比较小的饲养面积上集中供暖,以防雏鸡进育成舍初期因受凉而得病。供暖设备可以是保温伞、火炉炕道等。育成鸡可按每只鸡7厘米长形料槽和1厘米长形水槽标准设置采食、饮水设备。栖架可按每15只1米计算。采用地板网养,则不必再设栖架。栖架可以用木条自制,可以钉成梯状,两根栖木间距离30~35厘米,栖架最高离地面100厘米。抓鸡时(如称重、防疫、转群)应准备捕鸡用具,可用一根2~3米的竹竿,前端系一个用细绳编织的网口40厘米的网兜。
2.育成鸡的密度育成前期每平方米15~20只,育成后期每平方米6~15只。饲养前期育成鸡可占用鸡舍1/3地面,以后随着鸡的长大,再逐渐增加占地面积,直到占据整幢鸡舍。上述饲养密度是指舍温20~25℃,相对湿度65%~70%时的标准。平时可根据舍内温、湿度高低,适当减、增饲养密度。
3.育成鸡的光照育成公母鸡应分开饲养,给予不同的光照。育成前期保持光照8~9小时,育成后期逐渐增加光照至14小时。光照强度为每平方米0.5~1.0瓦均匀光照,育成后期公鸡要比母鸡提早增加光照时间,因为珍珠鸡的公鸡要比母鸡晚熟1个多月,提前增加光照可以加速公鸡的性成熟。
4.育成期的饲料各场可根据具体饲料来源和价格情况,制定价格合理、营养全面的饲料配方。表1为珍珠鸡育成期的饲料配方,供参考。
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