格木有哪些形态特征和习性?

2025-04-08 00:55:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

形态特征

格木属常绿乔木。木材暗褐色,材质坚硬,干燥后不变形,耐水耐腐,为名贵家具、造船、建筑等的良材;树冠浓荫苍绿,是优良观赏树种。树高达25米。小枝被短柔毛,腋生圆锥花序,花萼钟状,花冠白色。荚果带状扁平,厚革质,2瓣裂。种子扁椭圆形,黑褐色。

小枝有黄色短柔毛。二回奇数羽状复叶,羽片2~3对,小叶9~13枚,互生,革质,卵形,全缘。总状花序圆柱形。花白色,小密生。荚果扁平,带状,厚革质,黑褐色。花期5月,果期10月。

心边材区别明显,边材淡黄褐色;心材红褐或暗红褐色,常具深浅相间条纹,生长轮不明显。散孔材,管材小至中、数少;单管孔及短径列复管扎,内含深色树胶或侵填体。轴向薄壁组织明显,翼状、聚翼状及轮界状。木射线细;径面斑纹可见、弦面局部具波痕。木材有光泽,无特殊气味和滋味;纹理交错,结构略粗,耐腐。耐久性强。材质硬重,强度高,气干密度为0.80米/立方厘米。

习性

格木喜光,喜温暖、湿润的气候,在土层深厚、疏松肥沃的冲积壤土中生长良好。不耐干旱,忌积水,适生于平均气温21℃以上的地方。幼苗、幼树不耐寒,怕霜冻。在土壤肥沃、湿润、深厚的山坡下部、山谷生长迅速,当荚果由绿色变为黑褐色时即可采收。在冬季温暖地区,可随采随播。1年生苗高30~40厘米,即可出圃造林。造林地宜选择海拔600米以下土层深厚的酸性沙壤土或轻黏土。造林密度宜大些,可营造纯林或与木荷、马尾松等混交。主要虫害有细皮夜蛾等。分布于我国浙江、福建、台湾、广西、广东等地。木材坚重,耐水湿,可供船板、桅插和上等家具等用材。地理分布

格木主产于越南及我国两广、福建、台湾等地。

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