推荐回答(2个)
1、螺栓扭矩不一致,没达到规定值。2、没按规定顺序紧固。3、缸体或缸盖变形翘曲。4、缸垫装反。都会导致缸垫损坏。故障现象:1、水箱冒泡,向外窜水。2、水中有油。3、排气管异响。有放炮的声音。4、没劲。5、严重时水会窜到机油中。
车运行的动力是靠发动机提供的,动力产生于燃料在发动机内的燃烧。气缸体是发动机的主体,发动机寿命耐久与否,全取决于气缸体。要想使用好气缸体,首先必须了解气缸体损坏的原因,才能在运行时预防,保修时注意。
这就要从发动机气缸体的构造、原理、性能、作用等谈起。
气缸体通常是用灰铸铁铸成的,也有用铝合金浇铸的。气缸体下部装置凸轮软、曲轴的部分称为曲轴箱,曲轴箱一般与气缸体铸为一体。.
汽车发动机依气缸排列的方式可分为一列式和V式。一列式的优点是构造比较简单,制造也容易。但8缸以上的发动机,如果也采用一列式,占的地方就显得太长,因此常排列成V式双行。
气缸体除了和气缸、水套铸在一起以外,它的上面还要装置曲轴、凸轮轴、气门、气油泵、进排汽歧管、·飞轮及离合器外壳、气缸盖等部件。
气缸体有以下作用:①组织和确定各部机件的位置,②确保主要机件标准精度,③容纳冷却水,调整温差,④安置润滑油道,分配润滑油,⑤分布进排气通道(指侧里式气门);⑥气缸体和气缸盖的密封将使压力达到理想效果,⑦
机体产生的动力可以通过从动部分传递出去。
由此看来,气缸体不但要容纳活塞连杆部分、配气机构部分、冷却水、润滑油、混合气体及嫩烧后的废气,还要承受混合气爆发时的压力以及气体压缩时的压力和高温、发动和高速运转时的强烈震动等。因此.
气缸体的负担是很重的。气缸体损坏的原因是多方面的,概括起来有:腐蚀损耗、破
裂损坏、磨损、变形、失准以及保修作业时的损坏等。这里着重讲水腐蚀损耗、季节性温差冻裂、人为的机水温差炸裂、机体上下温差崩裂、故障性破裂、保修作业中的损坏等。
冷却水腐蚀。车辆久停或在潮湿地区时用时停,发动机放水后气缸体水套内不可避免地会产生一些水垢(水锈)或铁锈,天长日久金属壁将逐渐变薄。由于铸造时水套壁的厚薄不可能均匀一致,较薄部分强度逐渐降低以至穿通。如气缸筒水道璧,在保修换气缸套时,就可以从缸简看到水套(干式气缸套)
。
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