马谡失街和韩信背水一战都是根据兵法＂置之死地而后生＂为什么结果会不同呢？原因？
推荐回答（5个）
我说说我的个人认为的吧：第一点，两者性质不同，韩信是置之死地，马谡没有，他把兵聚拢在高地（山上）以为可以掌握更好的地形，有利于战斗，这才被敌人围困；第二点，人心不齐，天时地利人和，人和最重要，韩信背水一战可以激励将士不前进就死，马谡自己困在山上已经受到大家反对，明明可以据城而战却自找死路，人们会自然而然的怨恨他。同样的事像司马昭被姜维围困在山上断水断粮，但是他却能激励将士的斗志突破重围，也是因为将士忠于他。总而言之我认为打仗还是干什么都是人心所向的事，人心齐再难也能成功，心有芥蒂再好的形式也不灵，解放战争是再好不过的实例。马谡不顾当时的形势周围的劝解，失去了人心就没有人愿意舍生忘死的追随，自然达不到置之死地而后生。
个人见解而已。。。
马谡失街亭是形而上的思路，马谡这个人好纸上谈兵，但是缺乏实战经验，他主动选择不利地形扎营（缺乏水源的山头）降低了本方军队的胜算，为魏军留下了可乘之机，这是一种呆板僵化的作战思路，最后失败是理所应当；
而韩信背水一战其实充满事前详尽的谋略，是一种大智若愚的作战策略，有意以背水的不利形势诱敌，其实伏兵于敌人大营侧后，在敌人攻击本阵时伏兵突击占领了敌军大营，随后里外合击，成功将敌军至于钳形攻势下，此战说明韩信熟读兵书，善于因地制宜，审时度势。虽然韩信比马谡年代更为久远，但作战策略高明巧妙，且善于变通，不拘于兵书一格。孙子曰:兵者,诡道也。……利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,观韩信战例，可知已领悟孙子精髓。
综上，兵书是古典史籍，和现实情形自有一番差距，何况通过绵延的战争史，兵家公认作战是一门高风险，多变数的艺术，事前的详尽谋略，也是有可能完全不适应瞬息万变的战场态势的，因此一位成功的将帅，必定不是一个僵化迂腐的书呆子，而是一位智勇兼备，有行动力有远见，不墨守成规的俊杰。
置之死地而后生 要看双方将领的水平, 听一些念史的人说, 这玩意有好多水平不足的将领乱用, 都弄到大败. 要敌方轻敌, 己方的主将又能大振军心才可行. 韩信的背水阵跟曹操10面埋伏破袁绍的背水阵, 都有2个共通点, 就是先假装军弱, 敌方将领上钓, 之後士兵突然发现後无退路, 主帅这时激起大家不死战则死亡的心态, 阵法才成功. 只要对方的主将及时惊觉, 改追击为严守出口困敌, 敌方的军队在短时间内无法摆设死地, 就会因为缺粮缺水所做成的体力不足, 再加上恐慌而失去战斗力. 街亭一战, 张郃是经验老到的将领, 马骏入地死是自讨苦吃, 一开始就让人知你入了死地, 张郃就困住你, 让你军队慢慢失去战力再攻你. 高明一点的, 什致会鼓励对方士兵投降, 令对方士兵原本被激发的死志变成降志. 垓下之围, 韩信和张粱的破敌之法就是用"四面楚歌"来令楚军彻底崩溃. 孙子提出置之死地而後生, 吴子因此提倡围城留缺, 即是围城时刻意不围一边, 令敌军还有逃生路线而不全力抵抗, 再在那条路上埋伏....但不知是否这个操作比较困难还是什麼, 易有人逃出, 还是後来的将领变得不想顾及城中百姓的死活, 感觉後世很多将领都不会采用, 围城往往最後是城中百姓因为缺粮而大量死亡. 大约自3国时代司马懿攻辽东起, 很多时围城军是挖沟围城, 再筑一重土墙, 令围城中的人插翼难飞.
韩信的主力是步兵，只有二万，赵军是骑兵二十万，赵军一冲锋，汉军就会被损伤大半，如果控制不好局势，汉军败迹已显时再撤退，在撤退过程中赵军再追击，汉军就会丢盔弃甲，四散奔逃。就算侥幸逃到河边也会被赵军活活挤进河里，哪来的时间重新列阵?
预先在河边摆好阵势等敌人来攻是有打赢可能。诈败被敌人追击再摆阵，时间上是否充裕？
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