陋室铭和爱莲说在写法上有什么异同

2024-11-18 13:43:50
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

一、在主题上,陋室铭主要是表达自己追求高尚节操的愿望,爱莲说主要是歌颂自己不慕荣利、洁身自好的群君子品质,表达对世人追求名利的鄙弃。两者都有歌颂自己高尚品格的思想。
在写法上,两者都借物抒情,托物言志。

二、详解:
《爱莲说》和《陋室铭》的异同:
1、同中之异   
从主题看,两文表现的都是作者洁身自好、不慕名利的生活态度.但《爱莲说》的作者表达的不是隐逸,而是在污浊的尘世间保持自己的清白节操,《陋室铭》流露的则是作者消极循世、安贫乐道的隐逸情趣。
从立意看,两文都以衬托手法托物言志.但前者是通过正面赞美莲的形象来表达自己的高洁情操,后者则以反向立意的方式,只字不提陋室之"陋",只写陋室"不陋"的一面,而"不陋"是因为"德馨",从而自然地达到了抒怀的目的。
从表达方式看,都聚描写、抒情、议议于一体.但前者对"莲"进行的是人格化描写:"出淤泥而不染"的高洁;"濯清莲而不妖"的质朴;"中通外直,不蔓不枝"的正直;"香远益清"的美名;"亭亭净植,可远观而不可亵玩焉"的清高.使莲成为一种高贵品质的象征,在作者爱莲的议论中,表露出其高尚情操;而后者通过具体描写"陋室"恬静、雅致的环境和主人高雅的风度来表述自己高洁隐逸的情怀。
2、异中之同   
从文体看,《爱莲说》的"说"和《陋室铭》的"铭"标明了各自所属文体的不同.根据古文体的分类,"说"为说理文,"铭"是应用文.但两文都是托物言志,以此阐明作者的生活态度和人生观,所以从这一点讲,两文又都属议论文。
从句式看,前者以散句为主,句式长短相间、错落有致、富于变化;后者则以骈句为主,句式整齐、节奏分明、音韵和谐.《爱莲说》中也有骈句,如"出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖"等;《陋室铭》中"何陋之有"又是散句.所以两文句式上都骈散结合,读来抑扬顿挫,和谐悦耳。
从线索看,《爱莲说》以"爱"为线索,"爱"在文中出现7次,几乎句句有"爱";《陋室铭》则以"惟吾德馨"的立意贯穿全文的始终:开头引出"惟吾德馨",而后又以居室环境、往来人物和日常生活表述"惟吾德馨",最后又以"诸葛庐","子云亭"的"何陋之有"映衬"惟吾德馨"。两文线索各具特色,但它们仍有一个共同点--都是作者的主观感受。

回答2:

  1、两文都运用了托物言志 的写法,通过陋室铭和莲的形象表达作者的志向与抱负,但也有所不同,《陋室铭》开头运用 类比 立论,引出全文主旨 斯是陋室,惟吾德馨;《爱莲说》从始至终以“ 菊之爱 ”“ 牡丹之爱 ”来 衬托 “莲之爱”,引出文章主旨 莲,花之君子者也。
  2、爱莲说表达了作者安贫乐道 的情趣和 高洁傲岸 的情操。
  陋室铭表达了作者要在污浊的世间独立不移,永远保持洁白的操守和正直品德的 生活态度。
  两文都表达了作者不慕名利,洁身自好的人生志趣。
  在物质生活日益丰富的今天,我们依然经常会面对是否随波逐流的选择,更应注重品德修养,学习作者的君子之风,让我们的人生之路上多一些高尚之举,做一个对社会有用的人。
  3、两篇文章中都存在有言外之意的句子,如《陋室铭》中无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形;《爱莲说》中牡丹,花之富贵者也和牡丹之爱,宜乎从矣,试分析他们的言外之意:
  答:“无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”表达了作者对那些庸俗的官僚们灯红酒绿生活的鄙弃,对官僚们寻欢作乐生活的批判。

回答3:

相同:都聚描写、抒情、议议于一体
不同:《爱莲说》对“莲”进行的是人格化描写;《陋室铭》通过具体描写“陋室”恬静、雅致的环境和主人高雅的风度来表述自己高洁隐逸的情怀

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