为何聚四氟乙烯耐化学腐蚀,是什么结构决定了它具有

2025-03-12 22:35:44
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

下午好,PTFE之所以耐绝大多数有机溶剂的腐蚀,主要是它的两层结构决定的。首先,它是聚合物,是TFE的化学聚合反应,简单理解为甲醛聚合反应生成它的最终形式聚甲醛POM一样,由于聚合反应是不可逆的,TFE聚合后封闭掉所有自由基及反应端,并且由于氟为非金属元素并且键能非常大,而PTFE等于是四个稳定层结又套上了聚合反应,等于是像坦克履带一样紧密结合,要破坏它,必须有更高层级的能量转换,这也就是为啥只能有液态碱金属或者超高酸度的路易斯酸才能破坏它。PTFE的分子结构全部外层由氟包裹,这也导致了它超低的表面张力,几乎所有极性和非极性有机溶剂在它面层上的接触角都大于90度,根本不可能穿透。以上化学和物理双重特性,就决定了PTFE的绝对优势。由于含有氟元素的材料性能都极强,所以你也可见市面上含有氟的产品都不便宜,因为与它发生关系,至少需要能量比它还大的元素,而这除非是化学实验室日常我们是见不到的。这是PTFE的分子式请参考。

回答2:

是强大的C-F共价键决定了它具有耐腐蚀的性质.
简单地说,你不能通过氧化,氯化等一些反应来破坏C-F共价键,由于C-C共价键通常处于C-F共价键的保护之中(也就是说其他原子很难接近C-C键之间的电子云,就被F原子极强的电负性排斥走了),因此聚四氟乙烯不与绝大多数已知的强化学活性试剂反应。
追问:
谢谢你的回答,我还想问你哦,那F原子是不是,改是极性原子?那水也是极性的,这样考虑的话应该是可以溶解? 还有聚四氟乙烯到底是极性的还是非极性的呢?聚四氟乙烯分子结构该是对称的吧? 谢谢~~~
追答:
原子本身没有极性的概念,有极性的只是一些电负性不对称的分子结构,聚四氟乙烯没有在总体上说没有极性,因为其分子结构对称良好。塑料不溶于水,因为其分子结构太大,不能与水分子形成良好作用
追问:
谢谢,聚丙烯酰胺是可以溶于水的,可溶性高分子材料,突然有个想法,是否可以将聚丙烯酰胺颗粒加工成为塑料呢?产品是否还溶于水呢?
追答:
在加工成塑料之后,其分子直径达到了微米级别甚至更高,因此无法在水中溶解(因为已经可见了)但由于酰胺基的存在,可以吸附水分子,因此可以做成吸水性塑料。

回答3:

分子密度和稳定性

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