铅为什么能挡住射线?它是怎样挡住射线的?它能挡住哪些射线?

它能挡住的射线有多少种?名称是什么?
2025-04-05 21:28:21
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

铅之一 元素符号Pb,原子序数82,相对原子质量207.2。银灰色金属,质软,密度11.35g/cm3,延性弱,展性强,熔点327.4℃,沸点1620℃,在空气中迅速氧化,表面形成一层氧化铅薄膜,保持内层不再氧化,不溶于盐酸和硫酸,溶于硝酸、醋酸和碱液。铅主要用于制作电缆、蓄电池等材料,也可制合金。

铅之二 铅是人类最早使用的金属之一,在公元前3000年,人类已能从矿石中冶炼铅。铅约占地壳重量的0.016%,主要存在于方铅矿、白铅矿中,各种铀矿和钍矿中也要有铅。铅为带蓝色的银白色重金属,化学符号为Pb。

金属铅在空气中受到氧、水蒸气和二氧化碳的作用时、其表面会很快氧化,生成一层保护膜而失去光泽,这层膜可能是碱式碳酸盐。水能使铅的保护膜脱落,继续氧化。铅对无氧、无二氧化碳的纯水是稳定的。铅与冷盐酸、浓硫酸几乎没有反应,这是因为表面生成的二氧化铅和硫酸铅极难溶于水。铅能慢慢地溶于稀硝酸而生成硝酸铅。

因为铅的密度很大,高能辐射几乎不能通过较厚的铅板,故铅板可用来防护X射线、γ射线等辐射。铅、锡和锑合金可铸铅字,锡和铅的合金可做焊锡。在化学、原子能、建筑、桥梁和船舶工业中,铅常用来制造防酸蚀的管道和各种构件。铅还曾大量用于制造汽油抗爆剂。
参考资料:http://www.jshlzx.net/klh/2/2018/text/zk18_117.htm

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