猪常用的配种方式有哪几种?

2025-04-04 15:00:51
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

母猪的配种方法有本交和人工授精两种。其中本交是指发情母猪与公猪所进行的直接交配,生产中常用的交配方式有四种,即单次配种、重复配种、双重配种和多次配种。

(1)单次配种

母猪在一个发情期内,只与一头公猪交配一次。这种配种方式的优点是能提高公猪的利用效率,但是如果饲养人员经验不足,掌握不好母猪的最佳配种火候,受胎率和产仔数都要受到影响。

(2)重复配种

母猪在一个发情期内,用同一头公猪先后配种两次。第一次配种以后,间隔8~24小时再配种一次。这种配种方式,可以增加卵子的受精机会,提高母猪的受胎率和产仔数。在生产中,经产母猪都采用这种方法。

(3)双重配种

在母猪的一个发情期内,用同一品种或不同品种的2头公猪,先后间隔10~15分钟各配种一次。这种配种方式能促使母猪多排卵,并使卵子选择活力强的精子受精,从而提高母猪的受胎率和产仔数。生产商品猪的猪场可采用此种方式。但在种猪场或准备留种的母猪,则不能采用双重配种,否则会造成血统混乱。

(4)多次配种

在母猪的一个发情期内,用同一头公猪交配3次或3次以上,配种时间分别在母猪发情后的第12、24、36小时。这种配种方式,虽能增加产仔数,但因多次配种增加了生殖道的感染机会,易使母猪患生殖道疾病而降低受胎率。而且,会造成公猪配种次数的增加和种公猪的负担加大。

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