推荐回答(5个)
1.茶马古道
茶马古道是指存在于中国西南地区,以马帮为主要交通工具的民间国际商贸通道,是中国西南民族经济文化交流的走廊,茶马古道是一个非常特殊的地域称谓,是一条世界上自然风光最壮观,文化最为神秘的旅游绝品线路,它蕴藏着开发不尽的文化遗产。茶马古道源于古代西南边疆的茶马互市,兴于唐宋,盛于明清,二战中后期最为兴盛。茶马古道分川藏、滇藏两路,连接川滇藏,延伸入不丹、锡金、尼泊尔、印度境内,直到西亚、西非红海海岸。滇藏茶马古道大约形成于公元六世纪后期,它南起云南茶叶主产区思茅、普洱,中间经过今天的大理白族自治州和丽江地区、香格里拉进入西藏,直达拉萨。有的还从西藏转口印度、尼泊尔,是古代中国与南亚地区一条重要的贸易通道。普洱是茶马古道上独具优势的货物产地和中转集散地,具有着悠久的茶马古道地图历史。
2.鹅湖古道
武夷山是赣闽之间的界山和分水岭,这条蜿蜒曲折的、华东第一高峰所在的武夷山脉,将中原来的文明通道拦腰切断。历史上,要实现对海西地区的有效控制,就必须横越武夷山脉开通行道。这是政治、经济、文化、军事上的唯一选择,别无他途。历朝历代,经劳动人民披荆斩棘、开山劈石的多次伟大开拓,慢慢形成了从江西进入福建的 “八闽孔道”。
这条“八闽孔道”,也叫鹅湖古道。它起于江西铅山河口镇,终于福建武夷山市(崇安),全程100公里左右,非常类似于滇川藏之间的“茶马古道”,是靠人工劈斫而成,靠人踩畜踏而通,饱经沧桑。如果认真探求,早在东周战国时期,这条路就已形成,距今已达2000多年。在宋以后的漫长岁月里,这条路被充分利用,成为东南政治、经济、文化、军事上的交通咽喉,并成就了古镇河口作为商贸集散中心和国际茶叶贸易大道的显赫名望。
3.黄金古道(鱼盐古道)
位于山东齐鲁大地上
同鲁国所在的土质肥沃、灌溉方便的洙泗流域不同,僻处海岱之间的齐国,平原狭窄,到处是盐碱滩和沼泽地,是很难以农立国的。然而,齐国又占有得天独厚的自然优势,这便是濒海多鱼盐之利,靠山富林矿之藏。商人出身的齐太公吕尚对此当然有充分的认识。《史记·货殖列传》称:“太公望封于营丘,地卤,人民寡,於是太公劝其女功,极技巧,通鱼盐,则人物归之,纟强至而辐凑。故齐冠带衣履天下,海岱之间敛袂而往朝焉。”《齐太公世家》也说:“太公至国,修政,因其俗,简其礼,通商工之业,便鱼盐之利,而人民多归齐,齐为大国。”凡此都说明,特殊的自然环境决定了齐国自建国开始,就走上了一条不同于一般诸侯国的发展道路:因地制宜,凭借靠山濒海的自然优势,大力发展盐业、渔业、冶铁业、丝织业、服装业、木材加工业,大力发展商业尤其对外贸易业。
由太公奠定的对外开放格局,春秋时代得到进一步的强化。齐桓公的大臣管仲、鲍叔、宁戚等人,早年也都从事过贩夫走卒的营生,故而在执政后都给予工商业以充分的重视。《史记·平准书》称:“齐桓公用管仲之谋,通轻重之权,徼山海之业,以朝诸侯,用区区之齐显成霸名。”《管晏列传》也说:“管仲既任政相齐,以区区之齐在海滨,通货积财,富国强兵,与俗同好恶。”齐国因大力发展外向型的工商业,成为天下诸侯中的首富,齐桓公本人也成为春秋五霸中的首霸。
到了齐景公时代,齐国工商业持续繁荣,而擅权的田氏则是齐国最大的工商业家族,据《盐铁论》一书记载,田氏组织的贩运鱼盐的私家商队竟拥有三千多辆马车。田氏代齐后的田齐时代,齐国工商业进一步发展,尤其威宣二王在位时期,伴随疆土的拓展,庞大的国内外商业运输网络最终形成——以东西狭长的平原和南北纵深的谷地河流为交通线,以当时海内最大的消费城市临淄为中心,东以即墨、琅,西以聊城、陶邑、平阴,南以南阳、薛邑等城市为商品集散地,车载舟运,往来如梭,齐国对外商业之活跃之繁荣,是任何其他诸侯国都无法比拟的。
你那是秦朝的,郑和下西洋咯,我不知道什么。我的回答也不可能取得满意答案
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