推荐回答(3个)
防锈油;rust preventing oil antirust oil;inhibitive oil 防锈油是一款外观呈红褐色具有防锈功能的油溶剂。由油溶性缓蚀剂、基础油和辅助添加剂等组成。根据性能和用途,除锈油可分为指纹除去型防锈油、水稀释型防锈油、溶剂稀释型防锈油、防锈润滑两用油、封存防锈油、置换型防锈油、薄层油、防锈脂和气相防锈油等。防锈油中常用的缓蚀剂有脂肪酸或环烷酸的碱土金属盐、环烷酸铅、环烷酸锌、石油磺酸钠、石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸钙、三油酸牛脂二胺、松香胺等。概述腐蚀是使紧固件破坏的主要形式之一,对汽车、摩托车以及各种车辆、机械会造成很大的损失。据统计,每年由于金属腐蚀所造成的直接经济损失约占国民经济总产值的2%~4%。为避免锈蚀、减少损失,人们采用了各种各样的方法,用防锈油脂来保护金属紧固件,便是目前最常见的防护方法之一。螺纹紧固件多种多样,从普通螺栓、螺母、螺钉,到高强度、高性能、高精度、高附加值和非标异形件,它们的防锈包装方法却基本相同。对于表面氧化、磷化、发黑的螺纹紧固件多数都是采用表面涂、浸防锈油外,外加用塑料包装的方式。防锈油脂是在石油类基本组分中加入一种或多种防锈添加剂(又称油溶性缓蚀剂)及其辅助添加剂组成,它使用方便,成本低廉,效果好,操作简单,紧固件行业都在大量使用。

选用标准防锈油的品种较繁杂,其选用原则:① 按金属品种,不同的防锈油对不同金属材质的防锈效果不同,有的对黑色金属防锈效果很好,但对铜则效果一般,这些往往在防锈油的产品说明资料中会作说明,应注意选择。② 按金属产品的结构和大小,结构简单和表面积大的可选用溶剂稀释型或脂型,而结构复杂有孔或内腔的用油型的较好,因为还要考虑启封时防锈膜可除性。③ 按金属产品所处的环境和用途,分清是短期的工序防锈,还是同时带有短期润滑的长期防锈,是对潮湿环境的长期封存防锈,还是可能存放在沿海库房或甚至有一定时间的海上运输因而要好的抗盐雾性能。选用时要有这方面的针对性。④按对金属产品外观的影响,比如说:金属产品短期防锈,不用清洗就包装时,就要考虑防锈油是否会影响产品的外观与卖相,可以选择挥发快、颜色淡的防锈油品种。⑤金属产品的后续工序考虑,如:是室内贮存(包装或不包装),还是室外贮存(包装或不包装)、厂内防锈、成品或半成品、还需何种加工(焊接、清洗)等各方面因素考虑。

选用方法对不同的防锈油脂,有如下涂抹方法:1、浸涂,把金属制品浸入液态防锈油中,取出沥干,有的防锈油太稠时需要加热到一定温度。2、刷涂,用刷子把防锈油涂于金属制品表面,对大件制品及形状复杂的制品更宜用此法。3、喷涂,对大型金属制品用此法比较快捷,均匀。4、浸入,小型金属制品可用此法。一般短期或工序防锈,采用上述涂抹防锈油后即完成防锈工作,但对长期封存防锈,还要进行包装,保护防锈膜在运输库存中不受破坏及减少腐蚀介质的入侵,一般选用耐油、密封性好、软膜性材料,如塑料薄膜、铝塑薄膜、蜡纸等都常用。

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