影响切削温度的主要因素有哪些?

2025-04-07 13:07:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

影响切削温度的主要因素

1.工件材料的影响:工件材料的强度和硬度越高。因而切削温度就越高;工件材料的传热系数越小,传热速度就越慢,切削温度也越高。一般合金资料强度大于碳素钢,而传热系数又低于碳素钢,所以在相同条件下,切削温度要好许多。铸铁等脆性金属资料切削时的塑性变形和摩擦都较小,发生的热量小,故切削温度一般比切削碳素钢低。

2.切削用量的影响:切削用量中对切削温度影响最大的切削速度,其次是进给量,而切削深度影响最小。例如用YT15刀具车削45钢(正火)时,切削速度增加一倍,切削温度升高约20%~30%进给量增加一倍,切削速度约升高10%而切削深度增加一倍,切削温度仅升高3%

3.刀具几何参数的影响:刀具几何参数中对切削温度影响较大的前角和主偏角。切削温度随前角y0增大而降低,前角由10°增大至18°范围内,切削温度的减小最为明显。前角继续增大到25°时,因刀头散热体积减小,切削温度的降低减缓。减小主偏角,切削层公称宽度增大、公称厚度减小,又因刀头散热体积增大,故切削温度下降。

4.刀具磨损的影响:切削温度随着刀具的磨损而逐步增高。后刀面的磨损值达到一定数值后,其对切削温度的影响增大,而且切削速度越高,影响越显著。5切削液的影响:切削过程中,使用切削液不但由于降低摩擦可以减少热量的发生,而且随切削液的流动还可带走一部分热量,从而使切削温度降低。切削液的导热性能、比热容、流量、浇注方式和切削液的温度对切削温度均有很大影响。从导热性能来看,油类切削液不如乳化液,乳化液不如水基切削液。

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