加强测井相的分析

2025-03-21 15:18:18
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

20世纪80年代以来,随着地震技术和计算机技术的发展,测井技术与沉积学的联系更加密切,渗透到了沉积学研究的各个方面,尤其是研究油区沉积相。寻找储油坝体已成为极为重要的手段。它与地震资料相比,在纵向上具有高分辨率的独特优势,为深部潜在生储层及隐蔽岩性圈闭或油气藏的勘探提供了重要信息。

利用测井曲线(主要包括自然电位、视电阻率和自然伽玛曲线等)5个结构要素,即幅度、形态、接触关系、组合特征及变化类型,对各种成因坝体进行分析,由于各类沉积环境,尤其是骨架坝体都有特征的曲线形态及其层序组合,可提供出各类不同成因坝体判别的标志(仇福康、张国栋,1987,1988 ),并将有关几个主要坝体成因类型测井曲线标志列于表5.2中。某一相带中砂体的发育情况很大程度上取决于水动力状况及物源供给条件。如对于冲积性质的水道坝体,当物源供给丰富时,往往表现为加积式沉积的箱形或桶形曲线形态;当物源供给不丰富或衰减很快时,往往表现为后积式或正向齿形曲线形态。又如,对于湖水中具密度流性质的水下坝体,由于受制于灾变化(或阵发性)水动力条件,具有相变快、粒级粗、分选差,韵律性强的特征,当物源供应充足时,SP常反映为齿状箱形式、齿状钟形曲线,R(视电阻率曲线)则为密集的锯齿状高电阻;相反,SP为齿化钟形或指状,R为齿状中高阻。另外,由于在一套连续的沉积层段中岩相的变化是有序的,电测井曲线形态的变化亦是有序的,在岩心标志区域上反映不充分时,可利用反映各类环境的测井曲线组合去追踪,发现各类坝体,从而帮助正确地进行相带划分和岩相对比。

表5.2 各类沉积环境电测曲线结构要素特征表

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