商业银行面临的最主要风险

2025-03-03 05:25:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

商业银行面临的风险主要包括信用风险、市场风险、流动性风险、经营风险、法律风险、国家风险、声誉风险,战略风险,利率风险和竞争风险共十大风险。
具体面临的风险
1、信用风险:信用风险是商业银行经营过程中的主要风险,一般称为违约风险,是指贷款人不能按照与银行签订的贷款合同按时偿还,导致银行自身利益的损失;
2、市场风险:商业银行需要承担的市场风险主要取决于商品市场或货币市场的波动,特别是指商业银行因市场价格波动而造成的利益损失;
3、流动性风险:流动性风险主要是指商业银行本身拥有的流动性资金不能够满足用户到期支付的需要,从而导致银行的清算能力丧失;
4.操作风险:操作风险主要是指银行因操作不当而遭受直接或间接损失;
5、法律风险:法律风险主要是指银行因与用户或组织单位的法律纠纷而进行一定的经济赔偿,是银行资产损失的原因之一;
6、国家风险:国家风险主要取决于银行所在国的政治经济状况。如果国家人民因某些原因无法偿还银行欠款,将在一定程度上造成银行资产的直接损失;
7、声誉风险:声誉风险主要是指商业银行因外部负面评价而造成的直接或间接损失;
8.战略风险:对于商业银行来说,未来的战略规划是影响其经济效益的重要因素。如果商业银行因未来战略而影响未来的整体发展方向,对银行本身是不利的。
9,利率风险:利率风险是指市场利率的变动的不确定性对商业银行带来的损失。
利率的变化会让商业银行的实际收益与预期收益发生背离,让实际收益收益低于预期收益,为商业银行带来损失。
目前,我国商业银行的利率风险管理较为简单被动,我国的利率风险更多根源为体制性风险,国家的利率政策调整会直接造成商业银行利率风险。
一旦商业银行缺乏对利率风险的有效管理,就加大了自身风险。但是目前我国商业银行针对利率风险缺乏管理与规避的有效手段,并且利率风险量化管理落后。
商业银行的利率风险主要表现在存在严重存短贷长现象、由于市场竞争而使商业银行存贷款利差缩小、利率变化让商业银行面临选择权风险。
10、竞争风险
就是金融业同业竞争造成银行客户流失,质量下降,银行盈利减少,从而增大银行风险,威胁银行安全的可能性.
法律依据
《中华人民共和国商业银行法》
第七条商业银行开展信贷业务,应当严格审查借款人的资信,实行担保,保障按期收回贷款。商业银行依法向借款人收回到期贷款的本金和利息,受法律保护。

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