推荐回答(2个)
中药重楼仍主要来自野生,尚无大规模人工种植的产品。随着中医药产业的快速发展,以重楼为原料的生产企业用药量大幅度增加,长期掠夺性采挖使野生重楼越来越少。重楼从种植到收获利用需8-10年的时间,制药企业为获取更多原料,大幅度提高重楼收购价格,收购价格达1000元/kg以上。收购价格上涨药农采挖积极性,采挖速度远远超过了自然生长速度,导致重楼资源已呈稀缺状态。据资料显示,分布于我国境内的野生重楼80%已被开发利用,仅剩下20%的资源。我国每年消耗重楼1000吨以上,且全部为野生重楼,现有资源再经过5年左右的采挖可能枯竭。重楼资源的稀缺有可能成为制约云南相关制药产业可持续发展的瓶颈。因此,仅依靠野生资源已远远不能满足市场的需求,人工种植成为解决重楼资源匮乏的必然选择。而且随着中药材市场的不断扩大和重楼本身所具有的良好药效,重楼的需求量必然将大幅度提高,价格还会上扬。
于2011年5月,由省科技厅主持,对云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所承担,丽江云鑫绿色生物开发有限公司和云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所协作研究的重点新产品计划“滇重楼优势种源繁育及三段栽培法研究与应用示范”(2008BC003)进行了结题验收和成果鉴定。省科技厅机关党委和振远副书记主持验收,奖励办秦穆主任主持成果鉴定,社发处高阳一副调研员、省农科院科研处屈云慧副处长等参加了会议。 滇重楼是宫血宁、热毒清、抗病毒颗粒和季德胜蛇药片等产品的主要原料。该项目针对生产中滇重楼生长周期长达9~10年的实际,创新了三段栽培法,制定了相应的三段栽培法规范化栽培规程;选育登记了“滇重楼1号”和“滇重楼2号”2个有效成分含量高、产量高的抗病新品种;建立了滇重楼种子规模化育苗技术体系;弄清了滇重楼叶斑病发病规律,提出了切实有效的滇重楼叶斑病防治方法;制定了云南省地方标准“滇重楼品种评价技术规程”和“滇重楼三段式栽培技术规程”2项;获得发明专利“一种人工三段栽培重楼的方法”和“一种能有效防治滇重楼叶斑病的方法”2项;发表论文11篇,编写优质高产栽培技术丛书“滇重楼栽培技术”2部,为滇重楼科研和生产提供重要了参考。现已在丽江玉龙县建立了滇重楼“三段栽培法”示范基地2254亩,2010年经济效益达1.3631亿元,取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益。 滇重楼优势种源繁育及三段栽培法研究使云南滇重楼品种结构进一步优化,形成了系列品种,品种结构更趋合理。形成了科研与企业结合的公司+基地+农户的产业化开发模式,为云南省重要中药材滇重楼的发展奠定了良好的基础。 结题验收专家组和成果鉴定委员会认真听取了项目组汇报,查阅资料、质询和讨论后,一致认为:研究成果有重要创新性,成果水平总体达到国内领先水平。

我国传统中医认为:滇重楼有清热解毒、消肿止痛、凉肝定惊之功效,用于痈肿、咽喉肿痛、毒蛇咬伤、跌打伤痛、惊风抽搐等症。滇重楼药材呈结节状扁圆柱形,略弯曲,长5-300px,直径1.0-112.5px。表面黄棕色或灰棕色,外皮脱落处呈白色;密具层状突起的粗环纹。一面结节明显,结节上具椭圆形凹陷茎痕;另一面有疏生的须根或疣状须根痕。顶端具鳞叶及茎的残基。质坚实,断面平坦,白色至浅棕色,粉性或角质。气微,味微苦、麻。通过对滇重楼植物的化学成分分析,已从中分离鉴定了50余种化合物,主要有脂肪酸酯、甾醇及其甙、黄酮甙、C27甾体皂甙、C21孕甾烷甙、β-蜕皮激素及多糖,其中甾体皂甙44种,占总化合物的80%以上,甾体皂甙元为螺甾烷醇类、异螺甾烷醇类、味甾烷醇类以及变形螺甾类,均有很强的生理和药理活性。现代药理研究重楼有止血、祛痰和抑菌、镇静镇痛、抗早孕杀灭精子、抗细胞毒等作用,临床用于治疗功能性子宫出血、神经性皮炎、外科炎症以及肿瘤等,具有显著的疗效。在我国,重楼是著名的中成药云南白药、季德胜蛇药片、宫血宁胶囊等的主要组成药物。重楼化学成分复杂,药理活性强,临床应用范围广,国内外学者着眼于其生理活性和独特的药用价值,通过现代药理研究,为重楼的一些临床应用提供了理论依据,同时发现了一些新的作用,显示了良好的发展前景。
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