推荐回答(1个)
卡特挖掘机冷却系统的主要部件:
(1)水泵
①作用与结构水泵的作用是对冷却水加压,使冷却水在冷却系统内循环流动。汽车发动机广泛采用离心式水泵,由水泵壳体、水泵轴、叶轮及进、出水管等组成。
水泵传动方式为齿轮传动,水泵转速为1.5倍柴油机转速。水泵安装及检修部位。
②工作原理当水泵叶轮旋转时,水泵中的冷却液被叶轮带动一起旋转,并在离心力的作用下甩向水泵壳体的边缘,然后经外壳上与叶轮成切线方向的出水管被压送到发动机水套内。同时,叶轮中心处压力降低;散热器内冷却液经过进水管吸入泵腔,使整个冷却系统内的冷却液循环流动。
(2)节温器
①作用与结构节温器的作用是根据发动机的工作温度自动控制冷却液的流量和循环路线.发动机装用的节温器基本是蜡式节温器,主要由主阀门、副阀门、推杆、节温器壳体和石蜡等组成.节温器位置及结构分别。
②工作原理温度低时,石蜡呈固态,主阀门被主阀门弹簧压紧在阀座上,处于关闭状态。此时,副阀门开启,冷却液进行小循环。
温度升高时,石蜡逐渐熔化成液体,体积膨胀,对推杆端部产生向上的推力,由于推杆固定在支架上,节温器壳体向下运动,主阀门开始开启,同时副阀门开始关闭。当水温超过一定值时,主阀门完全打开,而副阀门也正好关闭小循环水路,此时来自汽缸水套的冷却水全部经过散热器进行大循环。水冷系统循环路线示意。
当发动机冷却液温度处于大、小循环的温度范围内时,节温器主阀门和副阀门部分开启,冷却液大、小循环同时存在,以调节发动机温度,使之稳定在最适宜的工作范围内。大循环:当发动机冷却液升高到一定温度时,节温器主阀门完全开启,副阀门关闭。冷却液经节温器及散热器进水软管流入散热器,在散热器内,冷却液向流过散热器周围的空气散热而降温,最后冷却液经散热器出水软管返回水泵。
小循环:当发动机冷却液温度较低时,节温器主阀门关闭、副阀门打开。冷却液经水泵增压后,从汽缸体水套壁周围流过并从水套壁吸热而升温,然后向上流人汽缸盖水套,从汽缸盖水套壁吸热之后流经节温器,然后流回水泵。
③J05E节温器阀的检测参数测量并记载下述项目的数据,判断其数值的对错。
a、测量节温器阀开启的初始温度,节温器阀开启温度标准值为74.5~78.5度。
b、测量节温器阀的上升量,节温器外阀全开上升检测温度为95度。
c、节温器检测标准。
(3)散热器
①散热器的作用将冷却液在机体内吸收的热量传给外界空气,冷却液温度降低。
②散热器的构造散热器由上水空、下水室、散热器芯、散热器盖、放水开关等组成。
a、散热器盖作用是密封水冷系统并调节系统的工作压力。
在一般情况下,蒸汽阀和空气阀在弹簧作用下均处于关闭状态。当散热器内温度升高产生蒸汽,使压力升高到一定数值时(一般为26~37kPa,某些散热器盖可达0.lMPa)时,蒸汽阀打开,水蒸气从蒸汽排出管排出。当水温下降,冷却系统中产生的真空度达到一定数值(一般为10~20kPa)时,空气阀被吸开,空气从蒸汽排出管进入散热器。
b、补偿水桶补偿水桶也称储液罐、膨胀箱、副水箱。补偿水桶由塑料制造并用软管与散热器加冷却液口上的溢流管连接。当冷却液受热膨胀时,部分冷却液流入补偿水桶;而当冷却液降温时,部分冷却液又被吸回散热器,所以冷却液不会流失。
在补偿水桶的外表面上刻有两条标记线:“低”线和“高”线。补偿水桶内的液面应位于两条标记线之间/若液面低于“低”线时。应向桶内补充冷却液,在向桶内添加冷却液时。液面不应超过“高”线。
(4)冷却风扇
冷却风扇的作用是当风扇旋转时吸进空气使其通过散热器。以增强散热器的散热能力。加快冷却液的冷却速度。
冷却风扇置于散热器后面。风扇的转速与发动机在各种工况下的运行有很大关系。在现代轿车中,常采用各种措施来控制风扇的转速。
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