推荐回答（1个）
、气孔 形原： 1. 液体金属浇注卷入气体合金液凝固气孔形式存于铸件 2. 金属与铸型反应铸件表皮皮气孔 3. 合金液夹渣或氧化皮附着气体混入合金液形气孔 解决及修补 1. 浇注防止空气卷入 2. 合金液进入型腔前先经滤网除合金液夹渣、氧化皮气泡 3. 更换铸型材料或加涂料层防止合金液与铸型发反应 4. 允许补焊部位缺陷清理干净进行补焊 二、疏松 形原 1. 合金液除气干净形疏松 2. 凝固部位缩足 3. 铸型局部热、水、排气良 解决及修补 1. 保持合理凝固顺序补缩 2. 炉料静洁 3. 疏松部位放置冷铁 4. 允许补焊部位缺陷部位清理干净补焊 三、夹杂 形原 1. 外物混入液体合金并浇注铸型 2. 精炼效良 3. 铸型内腔表面外物或造型材料剥落 解决及修补 1. 仔细精炼并注意扒查 2. 熔炼工具涂料层应附着牢固 3. 浇注系统及型腔应清理干净 4. 炉料应保持清洁 5. 表面夹杂打磨除必要进行补焊 四、夹渣 形原 1. 精炼变质处理除渣干净 2. 精炼变质静置间够 3. 浇注系统合理二氧化皮卷入合金液 4. 精炼合金液搅或污染 解决及修补 1. 严格执行精炼变质浇注工艺要求 2. 浇注应使金属液平稳注入铸型 3. 炉料应保持清洁炉料处理及使用应严格遵守工艺规程 五、裂纹 形原 1. 铸件各部冷却均匀 2. 铸件凝固冷却程受外界阻力能自由收缩内应力超合金强度产裂纹 解决及修补 1.尽能保持顺序凝固或同凝固减少内应力 2.细化合金组织 3.选择适宜浇注温度 4.增加铸型退让性 六、偏析 形原 合金凝固析相与液相所含溶质浓度同数情况液相溶质富集及扩散使先凝固部化均匀 解决 1.熔炼程加强搅拌并适静置 2.适增加凝固冷却速度 七、超差 形原 1. 间合金或预制合金均匀或析误差 2. 炉料计算或配料称量错误 3. 熔炼操作失易氧化元素烧损 4. 熔炼搅拌均匀、易偏析元素布均匀 解决 1. 炉前析合格适进行调整 2. 终检验合格同设计使用部门协商处理 八、针孔 形原 合金液体状态溶解气体（主要氢）合金凝固程自合金析形均布形孔洞 解决及修补 1. 合金液体状态彻底精炼除气 2. 凝固程加凝固速度防止溶解气体自合金析 3. 铸件压力凝固防止合金溶解气体析 4. 炉料、辅助材料及工具应干燥
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