推荐回答(2个)
现在的医疗方面的影象学检查方式主要有:透视、X-线摄影、CT、MRI这4种常规检查。另外还有PET、放射性核素等特殊检查以及由以上4种常规检查派生出来的特殊检查(如CTA等)。
透视、X-线摄影、CT的基本原理都是一样的,是根据人体不同组织对X线的吸收与透过率的不同而进行的检查手法。因为这3种检查的具体方法技术的不同,病变显示率、成像清晰度及检查价格也不一样。
因为现在我国的医疗实行循证倒置制度,所以医生在各种诊疗过程中有必要留有客观的证据来支持诊断。透视作为一种简便的筛查方式,虽然其操作简单、成本低廉,但是其不能留有图片证据的弊端正使其逐步的退出了常规影象学检查的行列,现在仅仅在需要动态观察(如在透视下施行体内金属异物取出)情况以及某些简单健康体检的时候还可能会用到下。X-线摄影目前在临床应用较为广泛,尤其是骨科方面应用价值较大。目前主要应用于对各种骨折、关节脱位、肺炎(胸片)、肠梗阻、胃肠穿孔等的诊断上。另外还有增加造影剂的特殊X-线摄影检查,如:消化道钡餐、T管造影等。
CT(Computed Tomography)又称电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术,是当代较为高档的影象学检查手段之一,由于其具有高度的分辨率(空间分辨率、密度分辨率)及清晰的图象,对多种的疾病定性诊断具有优势。目前主要应用于对头部中枢神经系统、机体内软组织损伤以及各种肿瘤占位性病变的诊断。随着CT技术的发展与不断成熟,尤其是64排CT及螺旋CT的应用,配合各种新式的造影剂,使其分辨率得到了空前的提高,正越来越广泛的应用于临床当中。
MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)又称磁共振成像,是利用原子核自旋运动的特点,将人体置于特殊的外加磁场内,经无线电射频脉冲激发人体内氢原子核,引起氢原子核共振,并吸收能量,在停止射频脉冲后,氢原子核按特定频率发出射电信号,并将吸收的能量释放出来,被体外的接受器收录,经电子计算机处理而获得图像的方法。它的优势是可以直接作出横断面、矢状面、冠状面和各种斜面的体层图像,不会产生CT检测中的伪影;不需造影剂;无电离辐射,对机体没有不良影响等。在对检测各种神经系统相关病变,如:脑内血肿、脑外血肿、脑肿瘤、颅内动脉瘤、动静脉血管畸形、脑缺血、椎管内肿瘤、脊髓空洞症和脊髓积水等颅脑常见疾病非常有效,同时对腰椎椎间盘后突、肝内外胆管结石(MRCP)的诊断也很有效。不过目前它的缺点主要是价格比较昂贵,且空间分辨率不及CT,带有心脏起搏器的患者或有某些金属异物的部位不能作MRI的检查。
总之,由于原理及方法的不同,各种检查都有其特殊性与普遍性,往往存在着重叠的适应征部分(如颅脑内的病变情况,CT和MRI都是优先考虑的检查方式),得通过临床上的具体实际情况及你想要的结果来选择检查方式。
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