高层建筑在什么情况下需要检测抗震烈度

2025-03-06 17:32:14
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

抗震是房屋建筑乃至一切土木工程最困难的课题,抗震房屋的地基一般打在坚固岩石深处,可以随震动一起移动。2楼到5楼之间,用20组四角柱来支撑大楼。坚固的底层楼。白色石英护墙板以钢管加固,这一设计可承受左右的摇动。金字塔型的重心较低,所以能承受摇晃。紧急逃生梯设在西翼,升降梯则设在东翼。所有设备都锁在墙上固定,而且全部都能承受上下和左右的移动。整栋采用防震材料。较高楼层有弹性。

从1974年原国家建委发布全国第一个建筑抗震设计规范起,中国对建筑抗震设计的要求越来越严格:1976年唐山大地震后,对“74规范”进行修改,颁发了“78规范”;1989年,又发布“89规范”,6度区的建筑工程正式纳入抗震设防范围;2001年,对“89规范”进行修订,从2002年1月起实施新的《建筑抗震设计规范》。中国抗震设防烈度分6~9度,度数越高要求越严,根据2002年起实施的《建筑抗震设计规范》,6度及以上地区的建筑必须进行抗震设计,要求做到:当遭受低于本地区抗震设防烈度的多遇地震(50年一遇)影响时,一般不受损坏或不需修理可继续使用;当遭受相当于本地区抗震设防烈度的地震(475年一遇)时,可能损坏,经一般修理或不需修理仍可继续使用;当遭受高于本地区抗震设防烈度预估的罕遇地震(1641~2475年一遇)时,不致倒塌或发生危及生命的严重破坏。一般来说,全国大部分地震不活跃带抗震设防烈度是6至7度,北京地区居民楼房应具有抵御烈度为8度的地震破坏的能力。

国家在建筑抗震设计上要求,一般的民用建筑是要抗7度,及可抗6级地震,对一些超高层的建筑,必须要做地震安全性的评价,通过安全评价性去测试标准,以保证建筑达到基本抗震地区的要求。除了设计达标以外,施工的质量也是非常关键的,要有合规的设计,合乎要求的标准,合格的施工质量,几个方面做好了,才可以达到抗震的标准。

回答2:

首先要知道遇震般指震,50能遭遇超越概率63%震烈度值.罕遇震般指震,50超越概率2%~3%震烈度.所般设计候要否要考虑罕遇震根据高层建筑所定具体参考规范:

、《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》JGJ 3—2002关规定:
4.6.4 高层建筑结构罕遇震作用薄弱层弹塑性变形验算,应符合列规定:
1 列结构应进行弹塑性变形验算:
1) 7-9度楼层屈服强度系数于0.5框架结构;
2)甲类建筑9度抗震设防乙类建筑结构;
3)采用隔震消能减震技术建筑结构.
2 列结构宜进行弹塑性变形验算:
1)本规程表3.3.4所列高度范围且满足本规程第4.4.2--4.4.5条规定高层建筑结构;
2) 7度QI ,W类场8度抗震设防乙类建筑结构;
3)板柱剪力墙结构.
二、《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》JGJ99—98关规定:
第5.1.1条 结构作用效应采用弹性计算.抗震设防结构除进行震作用弹性效应计算外,尚应计算结构罕遇震作用进入弹塑性状态变形.
三、《高层建筑钢—混凝土混合结构设计规程》CECS—2008关规定:
4.1.7 高层建筑混合结构位移限值应符合列要求:
罕遇震作用,高层建筑混合结构弹塑性层间位移角,于混合框架结构应于1/50,其余结构应于1/100.
由理解:高层混合结构都应进行罕遇震作用弹塑性层间位移计(验)算.

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