推荐回答(1个)
三国演义为大家所熟知,如关羽、诸葛亮等众多人物也是家喻户晓,看惯了那些名人名将,或多或少的会有些乏味,不如我们来聊聊这里面的小人物。
介于时间有限`~我实在抽不得身`~(有想法不会表达+懒惰+忙于游戏+......)
所以我从别处转了一贴,简单看看`~写得还算可以`~如果楼下回复的好的话`~估计吧主或前辈们都会来此小叙一番的~~忙着打游戏`~我先闪`~(谁扔的臭鸡蛋!!)
《三国演义》中的“小人物”
一部《三国演义》(以下简称“三国”)洋洋七十多万字,视长江滚滚浪花淘尽英雄,看青山依旧夕阳红几度,最后“都付笑淡中”。作者置身宏观登高望远,笔触微观精雕细镌,既凝固于特定的时代,又漫漫于历史长河,张弛有度,令人感叹。作为“中国古典名著中方正而沉甸甸的书”(梁晓声语),“三国”塑造了众多或顶天立地舍身取义,或知天文晓地理智慧过人,或忠心耿直义胆照人,或智勇双全气吞山河,或奸诈弄权忘恩负义,或坑蒙拐骗图蝇头小利……,如此一系列栩栩如生脍炙人口的历史人物。在民间,“三国”是百姓中流传最广的古典名著之一,或人物,或故事。
我读“三国”多遍,从前只关注刘关张命运,只关注诸葛亮出山后兵法施展波澜壮阔的场面,只关注曹操、孙权等等“大人物”(或曰主人公)在罗贯中笔下命运的浮沉,只关注姜维、司马懿、陆逊、邓艾演绎后三国……
有一日重读“三国”,我似乎发现了“一个新的天地”,即布满全书角角落落的“小人物”。所谓小人物,是指书中那些位置低下的小吏或平民百姓,或虽有地位,但在文字表述中或三言二语,或一笔带过,不是点缀,便是装饰及“布眼”。这些小人物,人们或许根本不会去重视,去记忆,但它却使整本“三国”显得丰满多彩。可以这样说,大人物创造了厚重沉甸,而小人物则营造了厚重沉甸的氛围。
纵观“三国”全书,笔者粗略估算一下此类小人物竟达百多个。
小人物的设置为相对来言的大人物典型性格的凸现、人物命运的演绎等等起到了无以替代的陪衬和“眼线”作用。如书中第四回吕伯奢人物的出现,将曹操从错杀其家人到将错就错顾意杀害吕伯奢本人,以及第十七回操“借王垕首级解众怨”,凸现了曹操凶狠毒辣的一面,使曹操“宁可我负人,不可人负我”无毒不丈夫的性格跃然纸上。再如第十九回中“刘安杀妻宴刘备”,更将刘安的好客程度描绘到了无以复加的地步,如此刘备“不胜伤感,洒泪上马”,毕竟刘备非“操也”,这便是小人物成功运用的效果。
小人物的成功安排,也使大人物的命运演绎发生转折,使人有“峰回路转”和“一发千钧”的感觉。如书中第二十七回“胡班救关羽”一段,虽系无巧不成书,作者在此前也有伏笔“莫非许都城外胡华之子否?”,但却也合情合理,同时,从胡班失声称关羽“真天人也!”,从侧面使关羽非同一般的英雄气概得到张扬,令人叫绝。又如第一百回都尉苟安因解送粮米误期遭杖,为司马懿所用“回成都散布流言”,致使孔明“讨魏受挫。”,人物虽小却维系全局。
小人物中也不乏浩然正气者。如第二十三回中祢衡骂曹操“汝不识贤愚,是眼浊也;不读诗书,是口浊也;不纳忠言,是耳浊也;不通古今,是身浊也;不容诸侯,是腹浊也;常怀篡逆,是心浊也!……”。言辞虽有偏颇,但从作者的立场出发,可谓骂得洒脱自如,正气凛然。
小人物中也不乏高风亮节千古传名的智者贤者。如第三十八回才节双全的孙翊之妻徐氏,为报杀夫之仇,计赚丹阳督将妫览、郡丞戴员,“江东人无不称徐氏之德”,竟然连名字也未留下。
有些小人物为了映衬大人物,或“一闪而过”,或刚一出场就成了“短命鬼”。如江东群儒中的张温、骆统,谓南县令丁斐,东郡大守乔瑁,第十一回中黄巾部将管亥砍宗宝于马下,而与关公一交战管亥便被“云长劈于马下”,严舆被孙策斩了首级,马休、苗泽、苗奎更是被曹操利用了一下后“一命归天”,魏司徒王朗命运更惨,刚一出场欲劝降孔明竟被孔明骂得“气满胸膛,大叫一声,死于马下。”
有些小人物,虽连姓名也无从查证,但人物却性格却勾勒得十分鲜明。如第二回中的“督邮”这一人物,其“姓名”只是职位代称而言,文字也只有二小段,着墨甚少,而督邮的贪官嘴脸却显得活灵活现,可谓入木三分。
小人物就象密密的根系,维系着“三国”这棵大树,他们中不乏可歌可泣、可圈可点者,或真善美,或假恶丑,他们都有其合理的“生存空间”。
我喜爱“三国”,喜爱“三国”中那叱咤风云的人物,更喜爱那些千姿百态、千人千面的小人物。
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