葡萄套袋技术有哪些要点?

2025-04-06 23:10:25
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

葡萄套袋技术应用中常发生灼伤、霜霉病等。应用套袋技术时要注意一下问题,应该针对具体问题采取适当的、确实有效的方法。

(1)慎重选择果袋

应根据品种及当地的气候条件,选择适宜的纸袋种类。一般红地球葡萄应选择专用的纯白色涂蜡果袋。当外界气温为36℃时,白色果袋内温度为50℃,幼果灼伤率为5%,而黄色、灰色果袋内温度分别为52℃、57℃,幼果灼伤率分别为12%、18%。

(2)改造葡萄架式

根据试验与观察,棚架内的果穗很少有灼伤发生。有条件的地区可将篱架改为小棚架,夏剪时果穗上部多留叶片,增加叶幕,以避免阳光直射。

(3)合理确定套袋时间

葡萄套袋时间应选择在整穗及疏粒之后、浆果第二次膨大期之前进行,花后40天左右。过早幼果果皮没有形成角质层,同时叶幕较少,幼果易灼伤;过晚果粒已进入着色期,糖分开始积累,极易被病菌侵染。套袋时还应避开雨后及高温天气。

(4)正确运用套袋方法

套袋前全面喷一次杀菌剂(如多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵等), 葡萄霜霉病严重的年份可加入甲霜灵、三乙膦酸铝等。重点喷果穗,切忌漏喷,药液晾干后即开始套袋。套袋可采用订书机将果柄两端袋口钉紧的办法,此方法与袋上扎丝相比具有增大果袋内空间,通气孔易张开的优点,可减少果实灼伤。准确把握套袋时间,避免高温期套袋,尤其是在雨后2~3天内不能套袋。掌握套袋方法,套袋时把袋子撑圆,不让果粒紧贴袋壁,也可将下部的通气孔撕大一些,通风透气,降温散热。

(5)加强套袋后的管理

套袋后的整个生长期,如遇高温天气,应缩短浇水间隔期,增加浇水次数,使架下保持一定湿度,降低架下温度,减少灼伤的发生。每隔10~15天喷1 次杀菌剂,重点防葡萄霜霉病、葡萄白粉病,如遇连阴多雨的年份,可适当增加喷药次数和加大用药浓度。

(6)准确把握去袋时间

去袋宜在晴天上午10时前和下午4时后进行,阴天可全天进行。

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