明朝拥有繁华的工商业,为何其国库却十分空虚?

2025-04-07 14:41:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

这个和明朝不合理的税收制度有关,虽然明朝的工商业十分繁荣,但是国家却并没有从工商业中收收取太多的税。其实我们可以这样认为,正是明朝的工商业税率低,才让工商业能够发展得这么繁荣。再者,工商业不仅仅税率低,偷税漏税的情况也十分严重,可以说大部分都被那些狡猾的商人逃掉了。

工商业税率低

明朝自建立之初,其商业的税率就十分的低,朱元璋在建国初期对商人采取了保护措施,规定“凡商税,三十而取一,过者以违令论”,三十税一,也就是百分之三点三的税率。后来虽然因为时代的变化,在实际收商业税的时候比规定的要高上了许多,但是法律明文却一直都没有变过。

偷税漏税情况严重

历史上所有的封建王朝的偷税漏税情况都十分的严重,明朝则更加如此。明代基层官员的执行力可以说是相当地差,对于盘查商人的货物大多都是走一个过场,甚至于许多商人通过贿赂就能够逃脱货物检查,根本就不需要缴纳税款。明朝的商业税税收有绝大一部分就是通过这样的形式逃脱的。再者当时商业活动繁荣的东南沿海地区,是当时许多朝臣的故乡,对于那些商人偷税漏税自然是睁一只眼闭一只眼。

官商勾结

就如上面所说的,明朝商业繁荣的地区是在东南沿海,而当时许多的士大夫都是出自东南沿海,这就造成了许多的商人背后都站着一位官员,也就是说这些商人代表的是官员的利益,商人和官员之间互相勾结,用尽一切办法损公肥私,导致能收到的税款十分的低,并且他们还从事走私贸易,每年赚取的大量财富没有一两银子进入国库。

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