如何确定最高限价

2025-04-05 17:27:00
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

近期,某县连续三家卫生院防保楼工程建设项目招标接连失败,导致招标失败的原因都是招标开标时,投标人不足三家,缺乏竞争性,形成流标,只有重新组织招标。针对接连招标失败,该县招投标管理对这三起招标情况进行了调查分析发现:这三起招标项目,招标人为了节约成本,防止投标人串通投标和哄抬标价,都设置了最高限价,其最高限价设置值都比较低,公布后,有的投标人感觉最高限价太低,中标后难以保质保量完成工程项目,最终就选择放弃投标,从而形成投标人不足,引发招标失败。县招投标管理进一步调查发现:招标人设置的最高限价,有的是按照上年度同类项目招标的中标价再下浮几个点设置的,有的是根据个别建筑提供成本价下浮几个点设置的,有的就是在预算价基础上下浮几个点设置的。这三家招标人设置的最高限价既没有找有资质的测算把关,也没有对现行市场情况进行调研,设置最高限价过于随便。由于最高限价设置的随便性,无论是在建设工程招投标,还是在采购中,导致招标采购活动失败的情况,已屡见不鲜。为此,各级招标采购管理部门必须要引起重视,研究和制定最高限价设置办法,进一步规范招标采购人设置最高限价的行为。在实际工作中,究竟如何设置好最高限价,使其既能达到遏制恶意抬高投标价格,维护招标人的经济利益,又能保证招投标顺利完成。笔者认为,要从以下几个方面管理。确定最高限价要有依据。建设工程招投标项目最高限价的设置必须具有科学性和合理性,最好由招标人委托具有一定资质任的专业(如建设工程造价事务所等),通过科学、法定的运算程序,综合各种因素测算出来。设定最高限价应科学、合理、贴近市场实际,充分考虑投标人的利润空间,积极引导投标人通过科学管理,采用新材料、新技术、新的施工工艺来提高管理水平,降低施工成本,在满足招标文件要求的前提下实行人工、材料、机械消耗量自定、价格费用自选、全面竞争、自主报价。从而达到合理低价中标,形成招标与投标双赢的结果。在设定最高限价时,招标人标底中的预留金(暂定费用)、材料购置费、零星工作项目费以及甲供(甲定)材料设备价格等不得改变。规费、税金等按照计费基数作相应调整,材料费、人工费、机械使用费要按照贴近市场价确定,管理费和利润应留的空间,措施项目费的确定应按照较先进的施工方法并高于社会平均水平,同时还应考虑缩短定额工期对工程造价的影响因素。招标人不得随意抬高或压低最高限价。要认真分析投标人低报价的组成因素,在防止投标人哄抬标价同时,也要坚决遏制投标人低价抢标的恶意竞争行为。采购项目设置最高限价,采购人也应按照上边要求,加强市场调研,充分考虑各种可能对投标报价产生影响的因素,力争使设置的最高限价科学、合理。公布时间要适时。根据建设部建市[2005]208号《关于加强房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程项目施工招标投标行政监督工作的若干意见》的要求:提倡在工程项目的施工招标中设立对投标报价的最高限价,以预防和遏制串通投标和哄抬标价的行为。招标人设定最高限价的,应当在投标截止日3天前公布。因此,招标人只要设置了最高限价,首先因在招标文件中载明;其次,必须在投标截止日3天前,在原来公布招标项目信息的媒介上公布。有必要应一一告知所有已购买招标文件的所有投标人,从而防止,因利用设置最高限价排斥潜在的投标人。监管部门应履职。原则上,应把最高限价看是招标文件的补充部分,与招标文件具有相同的约束力。因此,最高限价发布前,应该报招投标监管部门备案后,方可发布。监管部门在备案时,因认真审核设置最高限价的、依据,审定其设置的科学性、合理性和可行性。与此同时,必须维护设立“最高限价”的严肃性。招投标监管理部门必须依法履行裁定、查处的职责。

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