慈善和公益的区别是什么

慈善和公益的区别是什么举例子简单说明
2025-03-29 11:26:56
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

公益就是公益,慈善就是慈善,不可以相互包括,不能比较谁的范围大,谁的范围小。公益是公共利益,因为利益相关方不全是人类,也可能是动植物、生态环境等,所以说成公众利益是不恰当的。公益和慈善同源于对生命及世界的爱,即博爱精神或利他主义,但在行动层面指向两个维度。

公益的维度,是社会成员基于社会责任感、使命感,在政府力量之外主动谋求公共利益的满足与维护,动员社会资源,优化或重建社会结构与关系,解决或改善社会问题。比如环境保护、生物多样性保护、各种政策倡导、立法推进、文化艺术科学事业发展等。公益的行动主体可以是个人,也可以是组织,有时政府和企业也会参与进来。公益的受益方通常不是特定的个体,所有社会成员都可能从中获益。比如环保工作改善空气、水源质量,无富人、穷人、动物、植物都会因此受益。

慈善的维度,通常是基于怜悯、同情或不忍之心,致力于帮助因社会问题陷于困境的个体获得正常的生存与发展权利(自然的、受法律保护的,得到社会认可的、受尊重的、健康的、平等的、无障碍的……)。即慈善满足的是个体利益。慈善的主体同样可以是个人,也可以是组织,受益者可以是人,也可以是动物等生命。比如针对个体的疾病救助、物质援助、精神抚慰、赋权增能等等。

公益慈善这两个维度可以相互转化或同时推进。当慈善主体从关注个体利益转变为关注整个群体、整个社会的利益时,就必须解决背后的根源——社会问题(通常由文化观念、制度与市场等因素导致),比如通过社会倡导和实际行动推动政策立法的进步,社会文化与观念的改变,这时就转换至公益维度。反之,在推动社会问题的解决时,开始为满足个体利益而行动时,就进入慈善维度。

资助贫困学生,帮助学生个体完成学业是慈善,但若着手改善当地的产业结构,增加就业机会,带动当地人脱贫致富,或者推动教育资源的重新配置,促进教育权利的公平享有,就上升为公益。无偿帮助一个人戒烟是慈善,但通过政策立法、社会监督推动公共场所禁烟则是公益。给一个老人让座是慈善,呼吁全社会关爱老人等群体,为有需要的人士让座则是公益。一个人捐100元给一个求助者是慈善,呼吁大家积极参与慈善捐助,营造人人互助社会氛围,推动社会观念的改变及法律政策的改进(比如规范捐赠行为,实现公开透明,保护捐赠人与受助者的隐私等)则是公益。

有些行为或活动,则同时具备公益和慈善的属性,比如素食,因其低碳、节能、产生垃圾量少,客观上有利于生态环境保护,是为公益;同时因其不食用动物制品,客观上使动物免于杀害或虐待,是为慈善。

回答2:

一是范围不同;基金会面对全社会,有些大基金会甚至一开始就面对全世界,而慈善的范围则相对小一些。另一个是目的不同;基金会旨在解决社会问题,而不是单纯的扶贫,根据他们的理念,解决之道是创造平等的竞争机会,也就是授人以渔,而不仅仅是授人以鱼。基金会在推动社会进步方面,也做了很大贡献。他们重视基础学科的投入,这些领域对人类文明的进步有至关重要的影响,而政府有时没有足够的能力或意愿对这些领域加以投入。纵观大部分基金会的活动,其目标就是创造社会机会的平等,医疗、教育是他们投入的重点。

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