马齿苋室内种植可以吗 家养马齿苋需要注意这些方面哦
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生长环境
马齿苋性喜高温高湿,耐寒,耐涝,具有向阳性,适宜在各种田地和坡地栽培,以中性和弱酸性土壤为好。从春季到秋季均可栽培,春播开始较迟,品质柔软。夏秋播种易开花品质粗老,一般2~8月间均可播种。其发芽温度为18℃,最适宜的生长温度为20~30℃,当温度超过20℃时可分期播种,陆续上市。保护地栽培可进行周期生产。
繁殖方法
可种子繁殖和扦插繁殖。
1.种子繁殖 在春季断霜后就可以露地播种,所用种子都是上年从野外采集或栽培时留的种子,如要提前上市,可用保护地育苗移栽。选择地势平坦、灌排方便、杂草较少的地块,深翻晒垄,施入有机肥,然后作厢。马齿苋的种子很小,所以播种前要先施基肥,再耕耙,做成1.2m宽的厢,厢面要平,土要细。为了保证种子撒播均匀,可将种子掺上细土再播,播后适当压实厢面,再浇水,7~10天即可出苗。保护地育苗,在播种后要加盖地膜和盖棚,出苗后立即去掉地膜。幼苗长到3~4cm高时就要开始间苗,间苗分次进行,逐步加大株距。育苗田苗高5CM以上就可以移栽。一般每亩撒播用种700g左右,条播用种500g左右。
2.扦插繁殖 扦插枝条从当年播种苗或野生苗上采集,从发枝多长势旺的强壮植株上采集为好,每段要留有3~5节。扦插前要精细整土,施足底肥,耕耙后做成1~1.2m宽的厢,再把未开花结子的植株分剪成5cm左右长的茎段或分枝扦插密度(株行距)3cm×5cm,插入土深3cm左右,插后保持一定的湿度和适当的荫蔽,一周后即可成活,待发根后追肥。
田间管理
播种或扦插后15~20天即可移入大田栽培,栽培面积较小时也可直接扦插到大田。移栽前将田土进行翻耕,结合整地每亩施入1500kg充分腐熟的人畜粪,或15~20kg三元复合肥,然后按1.2m宽开厢,按株行距15cm×20cm定植,然后浇透定根水。移栽最好选阴天进行,如在晴天移栽,栽后两天内应采取遮荫措施,并于每天傍晚浇水1次。移栽时按要求施足底肥后,前期可不追肥,以后每采收1~2次追1次稀薄人粪水,生长期间经常追施一点氮肥,其茎叶可以生长肥嫩粗大,增加产量,迟缓生殖生长,改善品质。形成的花蕾要及时摘除,以促进营养枝的抽生。干旱时要适当浇水,生长期间要注意除草。马齿苋很少发生病虫害,一般不需喷药。
采收
马齿苋是一次播种多次采收,采收是挑采。采收标准为开花前10~15cm长的嫩枝,新长出的小叶是最佳的食用部分,嫩茎的顶端可连续掐取,取中上部,留茎基部抽生新芽,使植株继续生长,采收一次相隔15~20天又可采收,直至霜降。
留种、采种与加工
马齿苋留种田可单独种植,也可从生产商品菜的地块中划出,适当稀植,并加强管理。可不采收商品菜,任其自然发枝、开花、结籽。马齿苋的蒴果成熟期有前有后,开花后20~30天,蒴果(种壳)呈黄色时,种子便成熟,应及时采收,否则会散落在地。它的种子很细小,采集时可以在行间或株间先铺上废纸或薄膜,后摇动植株,让种子落到废纸或薄膜上,再收集。此外,如在大棚内种植马齿苋,春季可提早播种或扦插,以抢占市场,秋季则应延后栽培,以补充淡季菜园;采收后,除去杂质,洗净,然后略蒸或烫后晒干。
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