福州古建筑属徽派吗?

2025-03-11 06:16:41
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

宁波的古建筑属徽派建筑的.

宁波古建筑群里的徽派建筑风格

“胸中小五岳,足底大九州”的徽州人,成巨富荣归故里,回乡大兴土木,构筑起一幢幢精巧别致的民居建筑。明中叶以后,随着徽州缙绅和商业集团势力的崛起,徽派园林和宅居建筑亦同步跨出徽州本土,在江南江北各大城镇扎根落户,如江苏的扬州、南京,浙江的杭州、金华、宁波,江西的景德镇等地,都是徽式建筑相对密集的城市。这些带有浓郁人文特色的建筑盛极一时,成为整个江南典型的明清建筑的主体风格。

宁波古建筑主要有三类:一类是汉唐宋元时期建筑,在宁波境内保留至今的已经非常稀少,多为孤立的庙宇或塔林之类;二类是民国时期建设,或为宁波传统的木板楼,由于不耐风吹雨打,在岁月的侵蚀下已多为危房;或为五口通商后,受欧美建筑风格影响,建造的一批西洋楼建筑,如外滩建筑群;三类则是明清建筑,这类建筑往往是深宅大院、气派豪华,成为明清两代甚至民国年间,甬上许多达官显要、富贵豪绅,包括旅居宁波徽商的不二选择。由于明清建筑选料讲究,建筑结实耐用,保存完好的建筑众多,构成了宁波古建筑群中最耀眼的类型。

当你一走近天一阁的大门,高高马头墙就立马显示了徽派建筑的典型风格,整体采用徽式建筑的黛瓦、粉壁,色彩典雅大方。在装饰方面,采用徽式建筑砖雕、木雕、石雕“三雕”,美轮美奂。天一阁的园林,也是一大看点,采用了扬州的徽商园林普遍采取的风格,假山林立,水居中央,布局巧妙,曲径幽深,引人入胜,以小见大。在整体布局上,天一阁采用徽式建筑传统的高宅、深井、大厅,青砖门罩、石雕漏窗、木雕楹柱与建筑物融为一体,使建筑精美如诗,堪称徽式宅居在宁波的典型代表。

而在扬州还有座与天一阁相似的私家藏书楼,徽州商人马氏兄弟在马家园林建立了“小玲珑山馆”,曾以藏书十万卷闻名于世,这也是“扬州八怪”经常聚会的沙龙。宁波著名学者全祖望在《丛书楼记》里称道,“百年以来,海内聚书之有名者,昆山徐氏、新城王氏、秀水朱氏其尤也,今以马氏兄弟所有,几过之”。由此可见当时文人对藏书楼是非常推崇的。《四库全书》编纂时,朝廷征求海内秘本,马家进献藏书776种。在当时,全国私人进呈书籍最多的共四家,其中马氏超过宁波的天一阁等三家为最多。

位于宁波市鄞州区姜山镇的走马塘村被誉为“中国进士第一村”,这是一个典型的江南古村,村中建筑大多数是明清徽式建筑,石雕、砖雕、木雕、古树随处可见;地处宁海偏僻之地的前童古村,徽派明清古建筑群保存完善,且如徽州西递古村一样,将水引入村中,溪水入村过户,家家连流水小桥。此外,包氏故居、郁家巷、天后宫、慈城古建筑、伏跗室、宁波最大的明清建筑群——郑氏十七房等等,无论是耕读起家、求学为志的走马塘陈氏,还是地主乡绅人士,抑或是官至兵部右侍郎的范钦,在选择修筑传世宅第时,无一不深深打上徽式建筑的烙印。可以说,徽式建筑风格是那个时代江南的流行色!

说到这里,也有一些遗憾。如郎官巷素以高深大院的明清徽式建筑多而闻名我市,这曾是商业富豪集中居住之地,在老一代的市民中印象颇深。郎官巷“张家大厅”、朝河墙门、赵家墙门、孙家祠堂、毛家墙门、曹家墙门、张信茂酒栈房、励家房子、应家房子、凌家房子等等都是郎官巷的有名徽派建筑,个个气势宏伟,其中“张家大厅”和“张董姓”两幢大民居是最具代表性的清代徽式建筑。可惜的是,如今这些建筑已毁。

在今年的上海世博会上,宁波人创造性地用明清断砖旧瓦50多万块,建立“宁波滕头馆”瓦爿墙,别具一格的外墙透着淡淡的明清建筑影形,也展示着徽派古建筑风格的魅力…… (本文来源:宁波网-宁波晚报 )

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