苏州园林的中英文介绍

苏州园林吸收了江南园林建筑艺术的精华，是中国优秀的文化遗产，理所当然被联合国列为人类与自然文化遗产。苏州园林善于把有限空间巧妙地组成变幻多端的景致，结构上以小巧玲珑取胜。网师园、狮子林、拙政园、留园统称“苏州四大名园”，素有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”之誉。苏州园林代表了中国私家园林的风格和艺术水平，是不可多得的旅游圣地。 苏州古典园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，可以体验让人舒畅的生活，这种建筑形态的形成，是在人口密集和缺乏自然风光的城市中，人类依恋自然，追求与自然和谐相处，美化和完善自身居住环境的一种创造。 苏州地处水乡，湖沟塘堰星罗棋布，极利因水就势造园，附近又盛产太湖石，适合堆砌玲珑精巧的假山，可谓得天独厚；苏州地区历代百业兴旺，官富民殷，完全有条件追求高质量的居住环境；加之苏州民风历来崇尚艺术，追求完美，千古传承，长盛不衰，无论是乡野民居，还是官衙贾第，其设计建造皆一丝不苟，独运匠心。这些基本因素大大促进了苏州园林的发展。据地方志记载，苏州城内大小园林，在布局，结构，风格上都有自己的艺术特色，产生于苏州园林的鼎盛时期的拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座古典园林，充分体现了中国造园艺术的民族特色和水平。它们建筑类型齐全，保存完整。这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。它们系统而全面地展示了苏州古典园林建筑的布局、结构、造型、风格、色彩以及装修、家具、陈设等各个方面内容，是明清时期（14～20世纪初）江南民间建筑的代表作品，反映了这一时期中国江南地区高度的居住文明，曾影响到整个江南城市的建筑格调，带动民间建筑的设计、构思、布局、审美以及施工技术向其靠拢，体现了当时城市建设科学技术水平和艺术成就。在美化居住环境，融建筑美、自然美、人文美为一体等方面达到了历史的高度，在中国乃至世界园林艺术发展史上具有不可替代的地位。 苏州古典园林的重要特色之一，在于它不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。表现在园林厅堂的命名、匾额、楹联、书条石、雕刻、装饰，以及花木寓意、叠石寄情等，不仅是点缀园林的精美艺术品，同时储存了大量的历史、文化、思想和科学信息，其物质内容和精神内容都极其深广。其中有反映和传播儒、释、道等各家哲学观念、思想流派的；有宣扬人生哲理，陶冶高尚情操的；还有借助古典诗词文学，对园景进行点缀、生发、渲染，使人于栖息游赏中，化景物为情思，产生意境美，获得精神满足。而园中汇集保存完好的中国历代书法名家手迹，又是珍贵的艺术品，具有极高的文物价值。另外，苏州古典园林作为宅园合一的第宅园林，其建筑规制又反映了中国古代江南民间起居休亲的生活方式和礼仪习俗，是了解和研究古代中国江南民俗的实物资料。 Suzhou Jiangnan garden to absorb the essence of the art of landscape architecture is the excellent Chinese cultural heritage, as a matter of course by the United Nations cultural heritage of mankind and nature. Suzhou gardens are good at the limited space cleverly subtle changes of landscape composition, structure, small and win up to. Nets Garden,狮子林, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden referred to collectively as "the four famous gardens of Suzhou", known as "甲天下Jiangnan garden, a garden in Suzhou Jiangnan" reputation. Suzhou garden private garden on behalf of the Chinese art style and level of tourist are rare. One classical gardens of Suzhou garden can reward can travel to home, people can experience the ease of life, the formation of this form of architecture, are in densely populated and lack of natural scenery of the city, the attachment of human nature, the pursuit and nature in harmony, to beautify and improve the living environment of their own to create a. Suzhou is located in water, spread all over Lake Ditch塘堰very profit potential due to water on the garden, near Tai Hu rich, sophisticated fit mounded rockery Linglong, is unique; hundred ancient Suzhou booming industry officials Yin and enriching the people, is perfectly placed to pursue high-quality living environment; addition Suzhou folk art has always been advocating the pursuit of perfection, eternal inheritance, focused, whether it is countryside residential areas, or Giardia官衙, are meticulously designed and built their own originality shipped. These basic factors contributed greatly to the development of the Suzhou gardens. According to local history records, the size of gardens in Suzhou city, in the layout, structure, style of art has its own characteristics, resulting in the heyday of the Suzhou gardens of the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master-of-Nets Garden Villa Huanxiu these four classical gardens, fully demonstrated the Chinese art of gardening and the level of national characteristics. They are building the type of complete, intact. This garden covers an area of four is not wide, but the clever use of a variety of gardening techniques and practices the arts will be pavilions, flowers and trees泉石together to simulate the natural scenery, and create a "forest city", "home near downtown and the natural "the ideal space. They are systematic and comprehensive display of the Suzhou classical gardens of the building layout, structure, shape, style, color and decoration, furniture, furnishings and other aspects, are the Ming and Qing Dynasties (14 ~ 20 century) on behalf of the building of Jiangnan works reflected in the Jiangnan region during the height of Chinese civilization, the living have affected the entire southern style architecture of the city, led the design of civil architecture, design, layout, construction technology, as well as its aesthetic side, reflects the city at that time the level of science and technology and construction artistic achievements. Landscaping at the living environment, building into the United States, natural beauty, culture and other aspects of the United States as a whole reached a historically high at Chinese garden art and the world history of the development of an irreplaceable position. Classical Gardens of Suzhou, one of the important characteristics is that it is not only a product of history and culture, but also traditional Chinese thought and culture carrier. Room of the house in the garden of the name plaques, couplets, Oplegnathus book, sculpture, decoration, as well as flowers meaning,叠石寄情and so on, are not only exquisite works of art decorating the garden, at the same time save a lot of history, culture, thought and scientific information, the content and spirit of its material content is extremely deep. Reflect and have one of the spread of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, such as various philosophical concepts, schools of thought; there is to promote the philosophy of life, to cultivate the noble sentiments; have literature with classical poetry, for decorating the landscape, hair, rendering, is in travel tours of the habitat, for the emotion of the scene, resulting in mood the United States, to meet the spiritual. The park brings together well-preserved ancient Chinese calligraphy handwriting, but also are valuable works of art, has a very high heritage value. In addition, the classical gardens of Suzhou as one of the第宅garden landscape, the building regulatory system and reflects the ancient Chinese people living off the pro-southern way of life and ritual practices, are understanding and study of ancient Chinese folk materials Jiangnan.