抗日战争时期发生在山东的重大战役除了台儿庄战役

2025-02-27 14:45:55
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

威海卫战役中___全军覆没
  北洋舰队
  威海卫战役
  中日甲午战争中,清军在山东半岛抗击日本陆海军侵犯威海卫(今山东威海)的战役。
  1894年(清光绪二十年)11月下旬,日军侵占旅顺(今属辽宁大连)后,其大本营鉴于渤海湾即将进入冰封期,不便于登陆作战,遂决定暂缓执行直隶(约今河北)平原作战计划,而将战略进攻方向转至山东半岛,海陆配合攻占威海卫,企图歼灭北洋海军。为此,陆军在其第2集团军基础上组成"山东作战军",下辖第3、第4旅和原属第6师的第11旅,共计2.5万余人。清廷因对日军主攻方向判断错误,集重兵于奉天(今沈阳)、辽阳和京津一带,山东半岛防御薄弱。
  威海卫位于山东半岛东北部,遥对旅顺、大连,建有拱卫渤海门户的北洋海军基地。北洋海军各舰艇于旅顺失陷前即撤返威海港,尚有大小舰艇27艘;港区陆上筑有炮台23座,安炮160余门,守军19营;烟台、酒馆(今牟平东)、荣成(今旧荣成)等处另有驻军41营。此时慈禧太后起用恭亲王奕欣,令其与直隶总督兼北洋大臣李鸿章共筹和议。当得知日军企图后,始作迎战准备。李鸿章令北洋舰队水陆相依,陆军固守大小炮台,舰船依托岸上炮台进行防御。
  日军为避开从威海港正面进攻,决定在荣成登陆,由陆路抄袭威海卫之背。1月20日晨,日"山东作战军"在联合舰队护送和支持下,于荣成湾龙须岛登陆,占荣成。21~23日,清廷命北洋海军乘间出击,北洋海军提督丁汝昌守港待援,未予执行。25日,日军分兵两路进攻威海卫。26日,总兵孙万龄率部2000余人阻击南路日军于桥头以东,但北路日军已进至鲍家村、崮山后。28日,山东巡抚李秉衡令戴宗骞率所部北岸炮台守军协同孙部夹击北路日军,戴军未进,孙部孤军力战后退却。南路日军占桥头,逼近温泉,于30日晨同北路日军夹攻南岸炮台。守军奋勇抗击,丁汝昌率"靖远"等5舰在港内以舰炮火力支援。日军多有死伤,少将旅长大寺安纯被击毙。战至13时,南岸炮台失守。2月1日,日军向威海卫以西迂回攻击孙万龄部,孙率部抗击,但因部将阎得胜临阵脱逃,被迫撤退酒馆。日军遂占威海卫城。同日夜,丁汝昌令敢死队登北岸破毁炮台,以免资敌。2日凌晨,日军占北岸炮台。坐困威海港的北洋舰队遂陷于日军海陆包围之中。从4日起,南岸炮台日军和联合舰队连日轰击北洋舰队各舰及日岛、刘公岛炮台;并在夜间以鱼雷艇小队连续突入港内实施袭击,装甲舰"定远",巡洋舰"来远"、"靖远",练习舰"威远",布雷船"宝筏"等,先后被击沉、击毁。7日,北洋海军鱼雷艇11艘擅自从北口突围逃跑,遭日舰追击,或搁浅,或被掳。洋员瑞乃尔等劝逼丁汝昌投降,丁严正拒绝,仍坚持战至船没人尽。9~11日,右翼总兵刘步蟾、提督丁汝昌、护理左翼总兵杨用霖等先后自杀殉职。陆将戴宗骞、张文宣亦自尽。洋员马格禄等怂恿威海营务处候选道牛昶昞于12日假丁汝昌名义向日联合舰队投降。17日,日军占领刘公岛,威海卫海军基地完全陷落,北洋舰队全军覆灭。
  此役,日军从侧后登陆,成功地对威海卫实施水陆夹击。清军由于兵力单薄,陆海军缺乏协同,北洋舰队困守港内,终遭全歼。

回答2:

临沂保卫战、台儿庄大战、陆房突击战、梁山歼灭战、孙祖伏击战、海阳地雷战、铁道游击战、潘溪渡战斗、利津攻坚战和鲁中“反铁壁反扫荡”
http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2014/09-16/6596924.shtml

回答3:

山东淄博黑铁山抗日武装起义。

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