推荐回答(4个)
自古以来,手握重兵、功高震主的人往往不能够善终,这其中的道理也是世人皆知。那么为什么最后曾国潘要解散一手带起来的湘军呢?
1853年,太平军出广西,一时间横扫大江南北。清廷的八旗制度早已腐朽不堪阻挡不住太平军的攻势。在清廷的默许下,曾国潘组建了一支新式的军队--湘军,一支都是由同乡组成的军队,以血缘关系为纽带加强了整个军队的战斗力,曾国潘还让自己的亲朋好友、门生同学担任长官,加强了管理。

这一些种种的举措极大加大了湘军的战斗力,因为湘军的上下一心,经过十年的努力终于平叛了太平天国,到1864年湘军攻下南京为止,总兵力已经达到了数十万,而且在武器装备、兵员素质等方面都远胜于八旗军,这一只私人军队怎么会不让朝廷忌惮?
可以说湘军中没有一个满人,都是由汉人组成,更恐怖的是他们都来自湖南,说着一样的方言,如果当时曾国潘一声令下,这数十万军队反戈攻打清廷,没有什么可以阻挡。
康熙时期,为了应对内忧外患,康熙果断弃用汉将周培公,并且组成了一只由汉人组成的军队,就是靠着这支军队平定了王辅臣,但是最后康熙因为周培公拥兵自重将其罢官,虽然周培公对康熙忠心耿耿,但是这就是政治。

所以太平天国已经覆灭,还要这数十万军队有什么用,朝廷难道还要天天供着这数十万人的花销吗?曾国潘也是饱读诗书之人,并不想成为第二个周培公,于是他选择了明哲保身,这在当时就是最聪明的做法。
从1851年太平天国运动兴起再到1864的覆灭,13年的时间太平天国横扫了大半个中国,攻占了600多个城市,而战争中受害的只有百姓,最后只剩下涂炭的生灵。曾国潘在这十年的时间里看惯了生死,已经没有精力再去争夺权力,只想安静的度过自己余下的日子,百姓需要休养生息,曾国潘需要,湘军更需要,做好的做法就是让湘军的士兵们回到故乡,过上平静的生活,没有一个人是热爱战争的!

所以曾国潘自己解散了湘军,一道军令,十年的湘军组建恍如昨日,曾国藩的这一生足矣。
曾国藩裁撤湘军势在必行,只是裁多裁少的问题。曾国藩系的湘军其实只有十二三万人,其余的并不归其直接指挥,即便归其直接指挥的鲍超,也远谈不上亲信,并且隔膜不少。曾国藩系湘军的骨干,是曾国荃围攻金陵的五万余人,以及彭玉麟的一万数千人的水师。即便是这两支,也很难保存下来。当时湘军欠饷极多,难以维持,在攻破金陵前,就出现哗变,只是很幸运能够坚持到攻克金陵之后。在攻克金陵之前,湘军已是暮气已深,攻克金陵后,功成名就,名利双收,更难期望保持战斗力,将士也希望裁撤。裁撤湘军,可以减轻朝廷对其的疑虑,这点尚是其次的。同时李鸿章的淮军方兴未艾,可以替代曾系湘军对付捻军等未解决的战事,曾李关系比较密切,李鸿章淮军在,其他派系的湘军也并未裁撤,曾国藩的荣辱也多了一层保障。此外湘军水师通过曾国藩的安排,成为有固定编制的长江水师,也算有所保留。鉴于以上几点,曾国藩裁撤湘军是比较稳妥的,只是裁撤得有点多。
曾国藩要解决湘军的原因有几个,一是因为他要向清朝有示弱,另外一个原因就是因为这个湘军已经不是以前那个了,已经败坏了,非常难以管理,而且军饷没了也是一个麻烦,所以就把它解散了。
因为曾国藩本身就不是很有野心,其次是为了明哲保身,当时太平天国已经被消灭了,如果再保留湘军,会被清政府怀疑。
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