推荐回答(2个)
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别 名:凤眼果,凤眼果,果壳开裂,真的非常像一对凤眼。 频婆果(《岭外代答》),九层皮(《君子堂日询手镜》),罗晃子(《纲目》),潘安果(《生草药性备要》),七姐果、富贵子(《广州植物志》)。 苹婆树,乔木,高达10米。树皮褐色。叶纸质,阔矩圆形至矩圆状椭圆形,长8~25匣米,宽5~15厘米,先端渐尖或钝,基部钝,秃净;叶柄长2.5~5厘米。圆锥花序下垂,长8~28厘米;花杂性,无花冠;花萼粉红色,5裂至中部,裂片三角状条形,被短柔毛;雄蕊柱柔弱,弯曲;雌花少数,子房有毛,具柄,5裂,花柱弯曲。蓇葖革质,卵状,长4~8厘米,宽2.5~3.5厘米,具喙,熟时暗红色,被短绒毛。种子1~5颗,椭圆球形,暗栗色。花期5月。果期6~7月, 信宜苹婆苹婆原产我国南部的广东信宜和广西龙津,生长于海拔550米的地区,一般生长在山谷和山坡密林中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培. 为中国的特有植物,被列为中国极危濒危植物名录。 信宜苹婆其果肉黄色,煲熟后松香甘美,味似风栗,有点蛋黄味,富含淀粉和糖分,营养十分丰富。中医认为,它有健脾固肠、调理泄泻的功效。与清热养阴的鸭肉清炖,是长夏与初秋的美味家庭靓汤,尤为鲜香清甜,有健脾益气、养胃滋阴的作用,且男女老少皆宜。 【性味】甘,温。①姚可成《食物本草》:"甘,温。" ②《生草药性备要》:"甘,平。"
【功用主治】温胃,杀虫。治虫积腹痛,翻胃吐食,疝痛。 ①姚可成《食物本草》:"治脏腑生虫及小儿食泥土,腹痛,癖块积硬。养肝胆,明目去翳,止咳退热,解利风邪,消烦降火。" ②《生草药性备要》:"治小儿生天婆究(小儿烂头疡)煅存性,开油搽;消热气,煲肉食。"
【用法与用量】内服:煎汤或研末为散。外用:煅存性研末调搽。
【选方】①治腹中蛔虫上攻,心下大痛欲死,面有白斑:罗晃子、牵牛子各七枚。水煎服。 ②治翻胃吐食,食下即出;或朝食暮吐,暮食朝吐:罗晃子七枚。煅存性,每日酒调下方寸匕,服完为度。 ③治疝痛:罗晃子七个。酒煎服。(选方出姚可成《食物本草》)
一、主要特性:信宜苹婆树高8—1 5米,根系发达。果实为瞢荚果,果长约1O厘米,具果柄,果皮厚,革质,成熟果呈暗红色,被短茸毛,
长圆状卵形,每果种子1—5枚,多数3枚,未熟果表皮青绿色,成熟时逐渐转为朱红色,皮红子黑,斜裂形如凤眼,故称“凤眼果” 。 信宜苹婆性喜阳光,对土壤要求不严。虽然在瘠薄及沙砾土中均能生长良好,但以排水良好、土层深厚的砂质壤土最佳, 日照需充足,性喜高温多湿, 生育适温约23—32oC。苹婆苗的繁殖可用播种、扦插、高压嫁接等方法,也可利用其根蘖苗繁殖。
二、利用价值:
1.食用:每年7—8月是信宜苹婆的收获期,鲜种经采摘脱壳后晒干即为商品,不需特殊加工。苹婆食用部分是其种仁,食用方法多种多样,可蒸、可煮,宜烤、糖蜜及红烧等。用水煮熟后的苹婆种仁,剥去黑色外种皮,再剥去淡褐色半透明中种皮,吃食淡或乳白色种仁。去皮后的种仁质软而色白,犹如1枚小乌蛋,精致而美观,风味与板栗相似,其味微甜而香、肉爽多汁的口感贝U比板栗更胜一筹。在广东常用于名莱佳肴的烹饪,如凤眼果焖鸡、凤眼果烧肉等,被列入“岭南名莱”。
2. 药用: 苹婆以种子入药,有温胃、健脾、止泻、杀虫、明目及壮阳等功效;瞢荚果壳入药,与蜜枣、陈皮共煎可洽血痢。
3.观赏:苹婆花虽小但花序大,白里透红,而且每年可开花结实2次;瞢荑果放射状排列,成熟时呈鲜红色,具有很好的观赏性:加上叶大而碧绿,树冠宽阔,树姿、花形俱美,遮阴性能好,适合用于风景树及行道树。 此外,因苹婆叶大、两面光洁,广东喜用其叶裹粽子、包糍耙等。
三、种植前景:在我国热带、南亚热带地区,干果生产种类相当贫乏。目前作为商业性生产的仅有澳洲坚果、腰果、开心果等屈指可数的几种干果,而且均为引种的外来树种,其生态适应性较差。且需要解决的技术问题很多,如腰果要求气温高、澳州坚果畏惧台风等。而信宜苹婆是原产我国的乡土树种,在种植发展上具有生态适应性强、抗病虫害、繁殖和遗传改良材料丰富等多方面的优势,是生态、经济效益兼备的经济林木,同时还是南方特有的母本粮食,是极具开发潜力的干果树种。
祝健康!!
苹婆,梧桐科常绿乔木,又称“凤眼果”,叶长椭圆形;初夏开花,无花冠,花萼粉红色,圆锥花序;果实分为四五个分果,外面暗红色,内面漆黑色。
种子可供食用,种子煨熟的味道如栗子。原产于中国、印度、越南、印度尼西亚等地,在中国广东以南常植栽为庭院树,木材轻韧,可制器具。实物见下图:
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