推荐回答(1个)
津液有滋润和濡养的功能。津液以水为主体,有很强的滋润作用;含多种营养物质,有营养功能。津较清稀,含水量多,其滋润作用大于液;液较稠厚,营养丰富,其营养作用大于津。分布于体表的津液滋润皮肤,温养肌肉,使肌肉丰润,毛发光泽;体内的津液能养脏腑,维持各脏腑的正常功能;注入孔窍的津液,使口、眼、鼻等九窍滋润;流入关节的津液能滑利关节;渗入骨髓的津液能充养骨髓和脑髓;进入血脉的津液成为血液的重要组成部分,使血液充足,环流不息。在正常情况下,人体阴阳之间处于相对的平衡状态,津液作为阴精的一部分,有调节阴阳平衡的作用。
脏腑之阴的正常与否,与津液的盛衰是分不开的。人体根据体内和环境的改变,通过津液的自稳调节使机体保持正常状态,以适应外界的变化。如寒冷的时候,皮肤汗孔闭合,汗不能出,下降膀胱而使小便增多;夏暑季节,汗多则津液减少下行,小便也随之减少。当体内丢失水液后,则饮水以增加体内的津液。由此进行体液的调节,维持人体生命活动的正常进行。
(一)滋润濡养
津液以水为主体,具有很强的滋润作用,富含多种营养物质,具有营养功能。津之与液,津之质最轻清,液则清而晶莹,厚而凝结。精、血、津、液四者在人之身,血为最多,精为最重,而津液之用为最大。内而脏腑筋骨,外而皮肤毫毛,莫不赖津液以濡养。“津亦水谷所化,其浊者为血,清者为津,以润脏腑、肌肉、脉络,使气血得以周行通利而不滞者此也。凡气血中不可无此,无此则槁涩不行矣……液者,淖而极厚,不与气同奔逸者也,亦水谷所化,藏于骨节筋会之间,以利屈伸者。其外出孔窍,曰涕、曰涎,皆其类也”(《读医随笔.气血精神论》)。分布于体表的津液,能滋润皮肤,温养肌肉,使肌肉丰润,毛发光泽;体内的津液能滋养脏腑,维持各脏腑的正常功能;注入孔窍的津液,使口、眼、鼻等九窍滋润;流入关节的津液,能温利关节;渗入骨髓的津液,能充养骨髓和脑髓。
(二)化生血液
津液经孙络渗入血脉之中,成为化生血液的基本成分之一。津液使血液充盈,并濡养和滑利血脉,而血液环流不息。故曰:“中焦出气如露,上注溪谷,而渗孙脉,津液和调,变化而赤为血”(《灵枢?痈疽》),“水入于经,其血乃成”(《脾胃论.用药宜忌论》)。
(三)调节阴阳在正常情况下,人体阴阳之间处于相对的平衡状态。津液作为阴精的一部分,对调节人体的阴阳平衡起着重要作用。脏腑之阴的正常与否,与津液的盛衰是分不开的。人体根据体内的生理状况和外界环境的变化,通过津液的自我调节使机体保持正常状态,以适应外界的变化。如寒冷的时候,皮肤汗孔闭合,津液不能借汗液排出体外,而下降入膀胱,使小便增多;夏暑季节,汗多则津液减少下行,使小便减少。当体内丢失水液后,则多饮水以增加体内的津液。“水谷入于口,输于肠胃,其液别为五,天寒衣薄则为溺与气,天热衣厚则为汗”(《灵枢.五癃津液别》),由此调节机体的阴阳平衡,从而维持人体的正常生命活动。
(四)排泄废物
津液在其自身的代谢过程中,能把机体的代谢产物通过汗、尿等方式不断地排出体外,使机体各脏腑的气化活动正常。若这一作用受到损害和发生障碍,就会使代谢产物潴留于体内,而产生痰、饮、水、湿等多种病理变化。
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