高中化学 氯化铁和高铁酸钾都是常见的水处理剂

2025-04-06 10:29:22
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1)太简单,懒得说
2)氯气和铁屑反应,那尾气就是没有反应掉的氯气,被X吸收,变成FeCl3。X是FeCl2
氢氧化钠里通氯气,产生Cl-和ClO-。具有氧化性的是次氯酸跟,所以氧化剂Y是NaClO
3)题目说碱性条件,那一定有OH-,原料是氯化铁和次氯酸钠,反正最后生成了高铁酸根。
ClO-+Fe3+ + OH-==FeO4^2-
发现H多出来,所以凑水,配平后:
3ClO-+2Fe3+ +10OH-==2FeO4^2- +3Cl- +5H2O

4)要发生复分解,就得生成难电离物质、易挥发物质、难溶物。你看最后产生的高铁酸钾和氢氧化钠,都不是难电离,易挥发(就是气体)。所以只能是产生沉淀,使反应向右移动。
因此判断是高铁酸钾溶解度较小,易析出晶体。

5)题目说了在水里要发生这个反应,那A水肯定不行。
提纯K2FeO4,是要获得它,所以要抑制它水解。就是说,使反应逆向移动。
欲使平衡逆向移动,可以提高产物浓度,也可以降低反应物浓度(在这里不行,反应物就是目标产品)。所以只能走提高产物浓度的路子。

氧气跑掉了,不在体系内。氢氧化铁是沉淀,提高它的浓度作用很小。所以最有效的方法是提高OH-。C,D中,NH4+,Fe3+都会消耗OH-。促进水解,跟提纯的意图刚好相反。所以只有B合理。
加KOH抑制水解,并且钾离子没有引入杂质,用异丙醇是干嘛的,我也不知道。题目也没说异丙醇的作用。反正不知道它的功能,也能做出来题。

6)这个跟你之前做得硫代硫酸钠测定铬那种计算类似。
综合1,2得到:FeO4^2-~0.5Cr2O7^2-,在用这个跟3代换,最后得到:
FeO4^2-~3Fe2+
然后就是非常简单的计算,只要小数点别点错就好了。懒得算了。

回答2:

  水处理剂指用于水处理的化学药剂。通常指用于污水处理的化学药剂。 广泛应用于化工、石油、轻工、日化、纺织、印染、建筑、冶金、机械、医药卫生、交通、城乡环保等行业,以达到节约用水和防止水源污染的目的。 包括冷却水和锅炉水的处理、海水淡化、膜分离、生物处理、絮凝和离子交换等技术所需的药剂。 如缓蚀剂、阻垢分散剂、杀菌灭藻剂、絮凝剂、离子交换树脂、净化剂、清洗剂、预膜剂等。
  常见的水处理剂有:絮凝剂、七水硫酸亚铁、聚合铁盐、氢氧化钙、六水三氯化铁、杀菌灭藻剂、二氧化氯、阻垢缓蚀剂、聚丙烯酰胺(阳离子、阴离子、非离子)、聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铝铁、硫酸亚铁等。

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