推荐回答(2个)
中央电视台播出公益广告,李瑞英、康辉、李修平、郎永淳、海霞等五位主播到乡村学校,教学生怎样查字典,让农村孩子《插上放飞梦想的翅膀》,意义深远,语言亲切,画面感人。在新浪博客上,作家白描先生质疑《汉字“王”旁该怎么读》。在广告中,郎永淳和海霞先后读作“wang2字旁”;而白描先生认为该读“玉字旁”,却没说出充足的理据。已有众多网友评论,又都莫衷一是,没能回答出所以然。这里,我也想说说一己之见。这则广告的开头,李瑞英已开宗明义:“字典是伴随一生的老师。”只可惜,最常用的《新华字典》没告诉我们,“王”做偏旁该读什么。另一部最常用的《现代汉语词典》,在《附录·汉字偏旁名称表》中告诉我们,“王”做偏旁,读“王字旁儿(wang2zi4pangr2)”或读“斜玉旁儿(xie2yu4pangr2)”。“字典”和“词典”就应该是准则;照“典”去读,应该是没错的。可是,“典”提供的却是两个答案;而且,“王”和“玉”又偏偏是意义完全不同的两个字。做偏旁,表义是形旁,表音是声旁。在广告中,还出现了“玷、玛、珖、玑、玟、瑱、珧”等字。这些字都是形声字,“王”给它们做的是形旁。那么,在这里,“王”旁究竟读作什么更准确呢?“王”和“玉”两个字都是象形字。在甲骨文中,“王”字像刃部向下的斧头,象征权威,表示君王;“玉”字像一条绳把几块(或三、或四、或五)玉串连在一起,上下还露出绳头。到了金文,“王”字下面还有斧刃形;“玉”字上下的绳头没了,玉块也固定为三。篆书时,“王”、“玉”二字,都写成三横一竖,它们的区别仅仅是:“王”字上面两横离得近,下面一横离得远;“玉”字则是三横之间都是等距离。这两个字太容易混淆了,到了隶书的时候,就给“玉”字加上一个“丶”,以示区分。但是,这个“丶”在“玉”字是独体字时加上了,在“玉”字做形旁的时候却没加上。左边“王字旁”的字都同“玉”有关,或是玉石的名称,或是类似玉石之物,或表示玉石形态,或表示玉石制作。譬如:“全”字,从王(yu4)从入,表示从外到内都纯的玉。“弄”字,从王(yu4)从廾(gong3,双手),表示双手把玩玉石。“玷”,从王(yu4)占声,是玉上的斑点。“玛”,从王(yu4)马声,是次玉之石。由此推断,“王字旁”的“王”就不该读“wang2”,而应该读“yu4”了。那么,“王”字就不做偏旁了吗?也做的。在常用字中,“王”做形旁,同“门”字组成“闰”,是个会意字。中国古代有“告朔之礼”。每月初一之夜,没有月亮,称作朔日。这天晚上,国王要住在宗庙里,表示告祭。农历的闰月是多馀的月,不同于平常。告祭闰月的朔日,国王只能住在门中。“闰”字的本义是“馀也”,“从王在门中”。“王”字在形声字中多做声旁,组成“汪、狂、枉、旺、匡”等字。 这么说,是《现代汉语词典》错了么?也不能这样认为。汉文字造字法中有一条不成文的规则是“约定俗成”,虽然没有理据,但已得到公认,在社会上流行,也就以讹传讹。把“王(yu4)字旁”说成“王(wang2)字旁”,只是其中之一。特别是在汉字偏旁名称中,这样的例子还很多。“彳(chi4,行字省写)”读作“双人旁儿”,“辶(chuo4,辵字省写)”读作“走之儿”,“攵(pu1,攴字省写)”读作“反文旁儿”,“阝(fu4,阜字省写)”读作“左耳刀儿”,“阝(yi4,邑字省写)”读作“右耳刀儿”,等等皆是。这些名称与这个字的本义都“风马牛不相及”,可人人都这么叫。至于这个字本该读什么,做形旁表示何义,也很少有人知道了。这就给学习使用汉字造成了不小的困难。这是我们的汉文字工具书应该解决的问题。《现代汉语词典》在《汉字偏旁名称表》前说:“有的偏旁有几种不同的叫法,本表只取较为通行的名称。”并未说哪个名称正确,哪个名称错误,这是有原因的。但是,常同汉文字打交道的人,特别是有影响的公众人物,却不能不较这个真儿。你读错了,就会误导公众。当今,有那么多的同胞,对每天都在使用的汉文字,说不清,道不明,错误百出,还不以为愧疚,说明了问题的严重性。中华文明正在走向世界。汉文字是中华文明的载体。
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