影响荧光产生的因素

2025-03-31 16:52:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

分子结构和
化学环境
是影响物质发射
荧光

荧光强度
的重要因素.
至少具有一个芳环或具有多个
共轭双键

有机化合物
容易产生荧
光,
稠环化合物
也会产生荧光.饱和的或只有一个
双键
的化合物,不呈
现显著的荧光.最简单的杂环化合物,如吡啶,呋喃,
噻吩
和吡咯等,
不产生荧光.
取代基的
性质

荧光体
的荧光特性和
强度
均有强烈影响.
苯环
上的
取代基会引起最大吸收
波长

位移
及相应
荧光峰
的改变.通常
给电子基
团,如-NH2-,-OH,-OCH3,-NHCH3和-N(CH3)2等,使荧光增强;吸电

基团
,如-CL,-Br,-I,-NHCOCH3,-NO2和-COOH,使荧光减弱.具
有刚性结构的
分子
容易产生荧光.
大多数
无机盐

金属离子
不产生荧光,而某些情况下,
金属
螯合物
却能产生很强的荧光.
溶剂的性质,
体系
的PH值和温度,都会影响荧光的强度.
荧光分子与溶剂或其他分子之间相互作用,使荧光强度减弱的现象
称为
荧光猝灭
.引起荧光强度降低的物质称为
猝灭剂
.当荧光物质
浓度

大时
,会产生自猝灭现象.

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