如何做好卧床老人的护理

2025-02-27 22:14:25
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

        本来健康的90岁爷爷突然脑梗,经过住院治疗一阶段,身体恢复还尚可,但不能下床行走,或许会卧床度过余生。照顾卧床老人也是我们很多家庭需要面对的现实问题。做好卧床期间的护理工作,尽量促进身体恢复,提高生活质量,延长寿命,是我们晚辈尽孝的最好方式之一。

        如何做好卧床老人的护理 ,我们可以从以下几个方面入手:

心理

        身体的突然变故,不能像往常一样的生活,对于老人心理来说会是一个很大的打击,长时间的卧床会使他们产生孤独、悲观、抑郁的情绪。有些老人会觉得因为自己的卧床给家人带来了麻烦,而心生愧疚,甚至产生了厌世情绪。在卧床中,老人多数会肢体活动困难,换衣服、擦洗身体也由他人来完成,这就难免会造成老人的身体隐私会暴露。老人通常会出现不情愿或拒绝擦洗身体和换衣服,我们要尽可能的采取合理的方式来减少老人的尴尬,如:让异性避让,或者对隐私部位采取有效遮挡等等方式。我们也要多与老人交谈,了解老人心理活动,及时疏导老人心中的郁闷,消除悲观情绪,和老人解释病情,劝说老人积极配合治疗和护理,与老人交谈言语要温柔亲切,富有爱心、耐心。对于老人的合理要求要尽量满足,让老人心情舒畅,感受“夕阳”之乐。

环境

        卧床老人宜安置在光线充足的南向房间 ,保持房间内空气清新,温度、湿度适宜,室内布置优雅合理,将老人的日常用品放在容易取放的位置,暖瓶等危险用品应远离老人,以防发生意外。好动老人宜加床挡,防止老人坠床。

三、饮食护理

        针对老年人不敢吃喝以及咀嚼及消化功能减弱的特点,我们应给予营养丰富、清淡、易于消化的饮食和半流质食物。根据病情:注意蛋白质、脂肪和糖等营养物质的合理搭配,保证维生素、纤维素及微量元素的摄入,给予足够的液体量,做到饮食规律、少食多餐。杜绝怕卧床老人“吃多拉多”怕麻烦而不给老人吃的不健康行为出现!

四、防并发症

        老年人机体抵抗力差;卧床后易出现各种并发症,造成病情加重。因此,预防各种并发症的发生是卧床老人的护理重点。保持隐私部位干净干燥,大小便及时处理,经常的翻身、抬落脚、起背等,让卧床老人感受舒适的生活。

1、防褥疮。老人床铺应保持松软、清洁、干燥、无渣屑,每2-3小时协助老人翻身一次,对受压处皮肤进行皮肤护理,每日2次,可用手蘸50%的洒精或深滑石粉,对局部进行环形按查,动作应轻柔,防止损伤皮肤,骨骼隆出处应垫气圈。已形成褥疮处:应及时处理疮面,防止褥疮扩大。

  2、防坠积性肺炎。保持老人房间空气清新,做好空气消毒,指导老人做深呼吸,主动咳嗽,同时轻护老人背部,以促进痰液排出,根据病情经常更换老人卧位。积板治疗上呼吸道感染,保证营养水分的摄入,以增强机体抵抗力,防止痰液粘稠。有条件者可做抗生素超声雾化吸入,以达到消炎及稀释痰液的目的。

  3、防静脉血栓的形成。长期易发生静脉血栓,尤以双下肢多见。应每天给老人按摩肢体肌肉,活动关节2次,以促进血液循环。同时鼓励老人多做自主运动,注意观察末梢血液循环情况,发现异常,及时处理

4、防泌尿系感染。保持老人足够的摄水量:保持内裤清洁干燥,每晚用温水擦洗会阴部 ,指导老人养成规律性排便习惯。 

        卧床老人的护理是一项长期、细致而又艰辛的工作,需要制订周密的护理计划,并按计划严格实施。卧床老人只要治疗护理措施得当,就会减轻老人的痛苦,提高他们的生活质量,并有一部分可以得到不同程度的康复,达到一定的生活自理。                     

        希望爷爷余生生活舒适!

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