宾语从句特殊疑问句的特殊情况

一, 理解宾语从句的概念

宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语,通俗的说就是一个句子做另一个句子的宾语.

二,学习宾语从句的4个注意事项

1.连接词

宾语从句通常由that, if, whether 和连接代词what, which, who, whom及连接副词when, where ,how, why等连接.其中that 连接一个陈述句做宾语,在中语中that可以省略;除that以外的连接词连接一个一般疑问句做宾语,且疑问句语序改为陈述句．连接代词及连接副词其实就是特殊疑问句的疑问代词和疑问副词，连接一个特殊疑问句做宾语，语序改为陈述句．

She knows (that) she should study hard.她知道她应该努力学习.

He asked me if he could come in.他问我他是否能进来 .

Can you tell me which class you are in? 你能告诉我,你在哪个班吗?

2.时态一致(即主句的时态与从句的时态相一致)

<1>宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.

I know he lives in Xi'an 我知道他住在西安

I know he lived in Xi'an several years ago.我知道他几年前住在西安.

I know he has lived in Xi'an for ten years. 我知道他住在西安有十年了.

<2>宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态,那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去进态.即:

一般现在时----- 一般过去时

一般将来时----- 过去将来时

现在进行时 ---- 过去进行时

现在完成时 ---- 进去完成时

Lin Tao konos (现在时) who lives (现在时) here.

Lin Tao knew (过去时) who [u]lived (进去时) here.

He has said (现在完成时) that he has seen it .

He said that he had seen it .

I say that she is reading

I said that she was reading

3.语序的变化

凡宾语从句都必须是陈述句主语序,这一点非常很重要.

<1> 陈述句; Lin Tao is a clever man.

宾语从句：He said that Lin Tao was a clever man.

<2> 一般疑问句：

Does he go home every day?

宾语从句：I wonder if / whether he goes home every day.

<3>特殊疑问句： What did she want to do?

宾语从句：I don't know what she wanted to do.

4.人称，地点，时间等的变化

在进行句型转换和合并句子的训练中，有些人称， 地点状语，时间状语要根据主句做相应的变化．

<1> I will eat as much as I can,Polly says.

Polly says that she will eat as much as she can.

<2> I've lived here since I was 3 years old, Mike says.

Mike says that he has lived there since he was 3 years old.

<3>Lin Tao is singing now,he told me .

He told me that Lin Tao was singing at that moment.

这句话应该是把直接引语变为间接引语
间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语
个人觉得这句话应该是：He asked me , "what's matter ?" 转变为间接引语为：He asked me what matter is .
应该就这一种情况。
至于如何判断，你可以分析一下句子成分，就拿这句话举个例子：
首先你肯定知道 ask sb. sth. 这个短语结构 如果不知道你也可以翻译一下这句话的意思：他问我你怎么了
然后分析：He 做主语 ；asks 做谓语； me做直接宾语 ； what's the matter 做间接宾语（也就是他问我的内容）

特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时，保留原来的疑问词，并改为陈述句的语序。
E.g: 1. 简单句：do you know? Why was he ill ?
从句：Do you know why he was ill ?
E.g: 2. 简单句：Why are you late for school ? the teacher asked me.
从句：The teacher asked me why you were late for school.
E.g: 3. 简单句：whose book is this ? her brother asked.
从句：Her brother asked me whose book this was .
★使用宾语从句应该注意的问题。
1．主句与从句的时态应一致。如果主句为一般现在时，从句的时态可以是任何一种时态。
（一般现在时，一般过去时， 一般将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时，现在进行时，过去进行时）
E.g: 1. I hear (that) he often reads this book.
E.g: 2. I hear (that) he is reading this book.
E.g: 3. I hear (that) he will read this book.
E.g: 4. I hear (that) he read this book.
E.g: 5. I hear (that) he has already read this book.
2．如果主句为一般过去时，从句的时态必须是是含有过去的时态。（一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时）
E.g: 1. Tom said (that) he missed us very much.
E.g: 2. He asked me how was getting on well with my classmates.
E.g: 3. We didn’t know if he had seen this film.