推荐回答(3个)
建议养殖户在用发酵饲料喂养牲畜时,应注意以下几点:
(1)饥饿引导法:当牲畜还没进食或是空腹时,先取少量的发酵饲料进行喂养,然后再喂其他的饲料。(2)混合搭配法。将少量发酵后的饲料和精饲料混合后,先饲喂混合的饲料,在饲喂精饲料。(3)气味诱导法。你可以将发酵后的饲料放在饲槽的底部,慢慢的去熏陶,渐渐的让牲畜适应发酵饲料的气味。(4)逐渐驯饲法。凡事都有个过程,喂养饲料也一样,将搅拌好的饲料逐渐的由少到多,切记不要刚开始就饲喂太多。
在进行秸秆饲料发酵时一定要细心。否则,用发酵不成功的饲料喂养牲畜,牲畜有可能吃的很少或是拒食,并且也会影响饲料的营养和适口性,也会造成资源的浪费和人工劳力的浪费。使用秸秆饲料对奶牛进行饲喂,仅产能增加产奶量,奶的品质也大幅提高,经过测算高蛋白生物秸秆饲料的价格还远低于全株玉米青贮和羊草价格。金宝贝秸秆饲料发酵剂制作的秸秆饲料几乎可用于猪(用于养猪最好用金宝贝2型饲料发酵剂发酵秸秆)、鸡、牛、马、羊、等所有畜禽。秸秆发酵饲料的生产扩大了优质饲草饲料和青贮饲料来源,开辟出了中国第二草原资源。
(1)每次取用要适当,每次取出的青贮饲料数量应以一次用完为限。平时应随喂随取,喂多少,取多少,不宜放置过夜。
(2)要配合使用,不能单独用青贮饲料喂特种野猪,应按一定比例与其他饲料混合饲喂,一般不超过特种野猪日粮的50%。
(3)用量要适当,青贮饲料有轻泻作用,用它饲喂妊娠母野猪时应当小心。用量不宜过大,以免引起流产,尤其在产前产后20~30天不宜饲喂。通常每头大野猪日用2~3千克,每头小野猪日用0.5~1千克。
(4)先驯饲后喂用,有些特种野野猪开始不习惯吃青贮饲料,故应加以驯饲。可以采取上面放配合料或青饲料,下面放青贮料,或空腹饲喂。或将青贮料与其他饲料混合饲喂等办法进行训饲,使特种野猪逐渐习惯于吃青贮饲料。
(5)用石灰水减轻酸味太重的青贮料。如果喂特种野猪时,发现有腹泻现象出现,则应停止饲喂。可用1%~2%石灰水对这种青贮饲料加以处理,以鼻闻,口尝无强烈酸味即可。
饲喂数量
应根据成年母牛的体重和产奶量来决定投放青贮饲料的数量。
⒈体重在500千克、日产奶量在25千克以上的泌乳牛,每天可饲喂青贮饲料25千克、干草5千克左右;日产奶量超过30千克的泌乳牛,可饲喂青贮饲料30千克、干草8千克左右。
⒉体重在350-400千克、日产奶量在20千克的泌乳牛,可饲喂青贮饲料20千克、干草5-8千克。
⒊体重在350千克、日产奶量在15-20千克的泌乳牛,可饲喂青贮饲料15-20千克、干草8-10千克。
⒋日产奶量在15千克以下的泌乳牛,饲喂青贮饲料15千克、干草10-12千克左右。
⒌奶牛临产前15天和产后15天内,应停止饲喂青贮饲料。
⒍干奶期的母牛,每天饲喂青贮饲料10-15千克,其它补给适量的干草。
⒎育成牛的青贮料饲喂量以少为好,最好控制在5-10千克以内。
⒏对于幼畜,应当少喂或不喂。
饲喂方法
⒈饲喂时,初期应少喂一些,以后逐渐增加到足量,让奶牛有一个适应过程。切不可一次性足量饲喂,造成奶牛瘤胃内的青贮饲料过多,酸度过大,反而影响奶牛的正常采食和产奶性能。
⒉应及时给奶牛添加小苏打,喂青贮饲料时奶牛瘤胃内的pH值降低,容易引起酸中毒。可在精料中添加1.5%的小苏打,促进胃的蠕动,中和瘤胃内的酸性物质,升高pH值,增加采食量,提高消化率,增加产奶量。
⒊每次饲喂的青贮饲料应和干草搅拌均匀后,再饲喂奶牛,避免奶牛挑食。有条件的奶牛户,最好将精料、青贮饲料和干草进行充分搅拌,制成“全混合日粮”饲喂奶牛,效果会更好。
⒋青贮饲料或其它粗饲料,每天最好饲喂3次或4次,增加奶牛反刍的次数。奶牛反刍时产生并吞咽的唾液,有助于缓冲胃酸,促进氮素循环利用,促进微生物对饲料的消化利用。有很多奶牛户,每天2次喂料是极不科学的。一是增加了奶牛瘤胃的负担,影响奶牛正常反刍的次数和时间。降低了饲料的转化率,长期下去易引起奶牛前胃疾病。二是影响奶牛的饲料消化率,造成产奶量和乳脂率下降。
⒌冰冻青贮饲料是不能饲喂奶牛的,必须经过化冻后才能饲喂,否则易引起孕牛流产。
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