如何除去粗盐中所含有的CaCl2、MgCl2和Na2SO4杂质

如何除去粗盐中所含有的CaCl2、MgCl2和Na2SO4杂质?
2025-03-15 16:19:02
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

用足量的Na₂CO₃溶液除去CaCl₂,用足量的NaOH溶液,除去MgCl₂,用足量的BaCl₂溶液,除去Na₂SO₄。

相关化学反应方程式:

Na₂SO₄+BaCl₂=BaSO₄↓+2NaCl

Na₂CO₃+CaCl₂=CaCO₃↓+2NaCl

2NaOH+MgCl₂=Mg(OH)₂↓+2NaCl

扩展资料:

除杂时过滤的注意事项:

将滤纸折叠后用玻璃棒蘸水润湿使其紧贴漏斗内壁并使滤纸上沿低于漏斗口,溶液液面低于滤纸上沿,倾倒液体的烧杯口要紧靠玻璃棒,玻璃棒的末端紧靠有三层滤纸的一边,漏斗末端紧靠盛接滤液的烧杯的内壁。

慢慢倾倒液体,待滤纸内无水时,仔细观察滤纸上的剩余物及滤液的颜色。滤液仍浑浊时,应该再过滤一次。如果经两次过滤滤液仍浑浊,则应检查装置并分析原因。

过滤时要注意一贴二低三靠:

1、“一贴”是指滤纸折叠角度要与漏斗内壁口径吻合,使湿润的滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁而无气泡,因为如果有气泡会影响过滤速度。

2、“二低”一是指滤纸的边缘要稍低于漏斗的边缘,二是在整个过滤过程中还要始终注意到滤液的液面要低于滤纸的边缘。这样可以防止杂质未经过滤而直接流到烧杯中,这样未经过滤的液体与滤液混在一起,而使滤液浑浊,没有达到过滤的目的。

3、“三靠”一是指待过滤的液体倒入漏斗中时,盛有待过滤液体的烧杯的烧杯嘴要靠在倾斜的玻璃棒上,防止液体飞溅和待过滤液体冲破滤纸;二是指玻璃棒下端要轻靠在三层滤纸处以防碰破滤纸;三是指漏斗的颈部要紧靠接收滤液的接受器的内壁,以防液体溅出。

参考资料来源:百度百科-粗盐提纯

回答2:

因为反应要在溶液中进行,所以要先配制成溶液,然后除去硫酸根离子,再除钙离子和镁离子,最后加入盐酸除去过量的碳酸根和氢氧根.
故答案为:(1)将粗盐溶于足量水中制成溶液.
(2)向上述溶液中加入足量的BaCl2溶液,除去SO42-,Na2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4↓+2NaCl,过滤,除去滤渣.
(3)向上述虑液中加入足量的Na2CO3溶液,除去Ca2+、Ba2+,Na2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3↓+2NaCl,Na2CO3+BaCl2=BaCO3↓+2NaCl,过滤,除去滤渣.
(4)向(3)虑液中加入足量的NaOH溶液,除去Mg2+,2NaOH+MgCl2=Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl,过滤,除去滤渣.
(5)向(4)虑液中滴加稀盐酸,调节PH=7,除去CO32-和OH-,Na2CO3+2HCl=H2O+CO2↑+2NaCl,NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O.
(6)将NaCl溶液蒸发,洗涤干燥,即得较纯净的食盐.

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