初中寒假学习与生活八年级数学与物理答案(苏教)
求初中寒假学习与生活八年级数学与物理答案(苏教)
推荐回答(2个)
数学
三.几何与说理。
1.连接AC,因为AD=4,CD=3,所以由勾股定理得:AC=5.又因为AB^=13^=169,BC^+AC^=12^+5^=169.所以:AB^=BC^+AC^.由勾股定理逆定理得△ABC是直角三角形.S四边形ABCD =RT△ABC-RT△ADC
=(12×5)/2-(3×4)/2=30-6=24 .
2.AB,AC
3.因为AB=AC.所以∠ABC=∠C.因为BC=BD.所以∠C=∠BDC=∠ABC.因为AD=DE=BE.所以∠A=∠AED=2∠EDB.所以∠DBC=2∠EDB.又因为∠C=∠BDC.所以∠C=3∠BDE ∠BDC=3∠EDB.所以∠EDB=180÷(2∠EDB+3∠EDB+3∠EDB)=22.5°又因为AD=DE.所以∠A=∠AED=2∠EDB.所以∠A=45°.
4.(1)∵DE是△ABC的中位线.∴DE=1/2AC,CE=BE.∵CF=1/2AC.∴CF=DE.∵CF=DE,CE=BE,∠BCF=∠DEB=90°∴△CFE≌△EDB(SAS).∴EF=DB.∵AD=DB.∴EF=AD.∵四边形ADEF是梯形.∴四边形ADEF是等腰梯形.
(2)∵∠1=∠2∴BM=AM.∵AB//CD.∴∠1=∠CMB,∠2=∠DMA,∴∠DMA=∠CMB∵M是CD的中点∴CM=DM.∴△CMB≌△DMA(SAS)∴梯形ABCD是等腰梯形 .
(3)∵E是BC中点,∴BE=EC,又∵EF⊥AB于F,EG⊥CD于G.且EF=EG,∴△BEF≌△EGC(HL),∴∠FBE=∠GCE,又ABCD为梯形,∴梯形ABCD是等腰梯形 .
(4)过点D作DE‖AC交BC的延长线于E,则∠BDE=90°.再过D作DF⊥BC于F.
∵梯形ABCD是等腰梯形,则AC=BD.又∵AD‖BC,DE‖AC.∴四边形ACED是平行四边形.∵AD=CE,AC=DE=BD
∴△BDE是等腰直角三角形. 则 DF=1/2 BE=1/2(BC+CE)=1/2(BC+AD)=1/2(m+n) ∴S梯形ABCD=S△BDE=1/2 BE×DF=1/4(m+n)(m+n)=1/4(m+n)^ 故 (m+n)^=4S梯形ABCD.
(5)在等腰梯形ABCD中 AB=CD ∠ABC=∠DCB BC是公共边,∴△ABC≌△DCB(SAS).
∴AC=BD AD是公共边∴△ABD≌△DCA(SSS)
∴∠ABO=∠DCO ∠AOB=∠DOC △ABO≌△DCO(AAS)
∴OB=OC ∠BOC=60°∴△OBC是等边三角形. 同理:△AOD也是等边三角形.
连DE与CF, 由EF=1/2AB=1/2CD(EF是△AOB的中位线)∴EF=DG=CG(G是CD的中点)
∵E是AO中点. ∴DE是AO的垂直平分线. ∠DEC=90°.EG是△DEC的中线. ∴DG=EG,∴EF=DG=EG
CF也是BO的垂直平分线. ∴∠DFC=90° ∴FG=CG=EF ∴△EFG中 EF=EG=GF. ∴△EFG是等边三角形。 5(1)∵ABCD ∴AD//DC ∵AC//MQ. AM//CQ∴四边形ACQM是平行四边形∵AC//PN,AP//CN∴四边形ACNP是平行四边形∵平行四边形ACQM,∴AC=MQ
∵平行四边形ACNP∴AC=PN∴MQ=PN ∵MP=MQ-PQ,QN=PN-PQ∴MP=QN
(2)∵AE=CF ,AF=CF-AC,CE=AE-AF∴AF=CE∵平行四边形ABCD∴AD=BC,AD//BC
∴∠DAC=∠ACB ∵∠DAC+∠DAF=180°,∠ACB+∠BCE=180°∴∠DAF=∠BCE
在△DAF和△BCE中,DA=BC,∠DAF=∠BCE,AF=CE ∴△DAF≌△BCE(SAS)
∴DF=BE,∠DEA=∠CEB,∴DF//BE ∵DF=BE,DF//BE,∴四边形BEDF是平行四边形
(3)∵平行四边形ABCD∴DC//AB,DC=AB ∴∠ECN=∠FAM ∵DC=AB,DE=BF且
EC= DC-DE ,FA=AB-BF ∴EC=FA 在△ECN和△FAM中,EC=AF,∠ECN=∠FAM ,
CN=AM∴△ECN≌△FAM(SAS)∴EN=FM,∠ENC=∠FMA,∵ ∠ENC+∠ENM=180°,
∠FMA+∠FMN=180°∴∠EMN=∠FMN ∴EN//MF ∵EN=FM,EN//FM,∴四边形MFNE是平行四边形
(4)1)∵平行四边形 ABCD∴AD//BC ∴AE//CF ∴∠AEO=∠CFO。在△AEO和△CFO中,
∠AEO=∠CFO,∠AOE=∠COF,AO=CO∴△AEO≌△CFO(AAS)∴AE=CF∵AE//CF, AE=CF,∴四边形AECF是平行四边形
2)∵EF⊥AC∴∠EOA=∠EOC=90°在△EOA和△EOC中,EO=EO,∠EOA=∠EOC,OA=OC∴△EOA≌△EOC(SAS)∴AE=EC∴平行四边形AECF是菱形
3)EF=AC,EF⊥AC
6、(1)设y=kx 当y=24,x=6时,24=6k ,解k=4 ∴y=4x
设y=kx+b 得一个方程组 24=14k+b,0=20k+b 解得 5=-4,b=80 ∴y=-4x+80
(2)当x=4时,y=4x=4×4=16 当x=18时,y=-4x=80=-4×18+80=8
(3)在y=4x中 当y=20时,20=4x 解得x=5 x在AB边上
在y=-4x+80中,当y=20时,20=-4x+80解得x=15 x 在DC边上
探究操作
1、(1)四边形EFGH是平行四边形
∵H.G分别为AD.CD中点∴HG是△DAC中位线∴HG=1/2AC,HG//AC
∵E.H分别为AB.AD中点∴EH是△ABD中位线∴EH=1/2BD,EH//BD
∵E.F分别是AB.CB中点∴EF是△BCA中位线∴EF=1/2AC,EF//AC
∵F.G分别是CB.CD中点∴FG是△CDB中位线∴FG=1/2BD,FG//BD
∵HG//AC,EF//AC∴HG//EF∵EH//BD,GF//BD∴EH//GF∵HG//EF,EH//GF∴四边形EFGH是平行四边形
(2)当四边形ABCD对角线垂直时,四边形EFGH是矩形(HG.BD交点为J,AC.BD交点为I,GF.AC交点为K)
∵DB⊥AC,∴∠DIC=90°∵HF//AC,GF//DB∴四边形JIKG是平行四边形 ∵∠DIC=90°
∴平行四边形JIKG是矩形 ∴∠HGK=90° ∴平行四边形EFGH是矩形
(3)当四边形ABCD的对角线相等,四边形EFGH是菱形
∵HG=1/2AC,EF=1/2AC,EH=1/2BD,FG=1/2BD,且AC=BD∴HG=EF=EH=FG∴四边形EFGH是菱形
(4)当四边形ABCD的对角线垂直且相等时,四边形EFGH是正方形。
2、(1)∵平行四边形ABCD∴AD//BC∴∠DAF=∠AFB∵AF平分∠BAD∴∠BAF=∠FAD
∴∠BAF=∠AFB∴AB=BF=3cm∴CF=BC-BF=2cm ∵AD//BC∴∠ADE=∠DEC∵ED平分
∠CDA∴∠CDE=∠EDA∴∠CED=∠CDE∴CD=EC=3cm∴BE=CB-CE=2cm
∵BC=BE+EF+FC∴EF=BC-BE-CF=1cm即BE=2cm,EF=1cm,CF=2cm
(2)∵CE=3cm,BF=3cm且E.F重合 ∴BC=EC+BF=6cm
(3)略
3、(1)1000 800(2)30 (3)50
物理
1-5 CBCDC 6-10DDCAB 11-15BBCAC 16-20CAACB 21-23 ACA
24、振动,空气 25、减少噪音 在声音传播途中减少噪音 26、刻度尺,5.50
27、望远镜,显微镜 28、温度计斜放碰到玻璃杯壁 99 29、月亮,云朵,相对性
30、不变,吸热,升高,吸热 31、雨燕,0.5 32、蒸发,吸,液化 33、变速,相同时间通过路程 34、响度,音调 35、听诊器,声控灯 36、凝固,液化,升华,熔化
37、光心,光心,像, u>2f, 倒立,缩小 , f<u<2f ,倒立,放大,实,u<f,正立,
放大,虚 38、(1)(3),(2),(4)(5),凸透镜,倒立,大于 40-47略
48、声音具有能量,声音能在空中传播 49、液化,水蒸气,不变 50、略 51、BACD
52、两侧,等于,在同一平面 53、垂直,便于测量物距和像距,将棋子B换成光屏,光屏上不呈像,虚
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