请问什么是现值(PV),什么是贴现率(i)?
在投资中,有这两个概念,有没有高人给解释一下?最好通俗点
推荐回答(5个)
1、现值,也称折现值,是指把未来现金流量折算为基准时点的价值,用以反映投资的内在价值。使用折现率将未来现金流量折算为现值的过程,称为“折现”。 折现率,是指把未来现金流量折算为现值时所使用的一种比率。折现率是投资者要求的必要报酬率或最低报酬率。
2、贴现率,是指将未来支付改变为现值所使用的利率,或指持票人以没有到期的票据向银行要求兑现,银行将利息先行扣除所使用的利率。这种贴现率也指再贴现率,即各成员银行将已贴现过的票据作担保,作为向中央银行借款时所支付的利息。
换言之,当商业银行需要调节流动性的时候,要向央行付出的成本。理论上讲,央行通过调整这种利率,可以影响商业银行向央行贷款的积极性,从而达到调控整个货币体系利率和资金供应状况的目的,是央行调控市场利率的重要工具之一。
P/A=1/i - 1/ [i(1+i)^n]
(i表示报酬率,n表示期数,P表示现值,A表示年金)
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扩展资料:
除非货币的时间价值和不确定性没有重要影响,现值原则应用于所有基于未来现金流量的计量。
这意味着现值原则应被用于:
(1)递延所得税;
(2)确定IAS36未包含的资产(特别是存货、建筑合同余额和递延所得税资产)的可收回金额以用于减值测试。
对于仅仅基于未来现金流量计量的资产和负债,现值概念应:
(1)在其影响是重要的少有情况下,原则上被用于预付款和预收款;
(2)被用于建筑合同,以允许在不同时期发生在现金流量的更有意义的加总;
(3)不被用于决定折旧和摊销,因为这时运用现值概念的成本将超过其效益。
参考资料来源:百度百科—现值
参考资料来源:百度百科—贴现率
比如说,你现在有1块钱,银行的利率是10%,那么你存入银行后一年可得
1*(1+10%)=1.1
如果在同等情况下,你想一年后的收入为1块,则现在要存入1/1.1=0.91
0.91就是现值,10%就是贴现率!
现值就是说以后的钱现在的价值,和终值对应,因为货币是有时间价值的.你现在的一块钱和以后的一块钱是不一样的,现在的一块钱是没有以后的一块钱值钱,因为你可以拿这钱去投资,会增值,因此,终值就是现在的钱以后的价值,现值就是以后的钱现在的价值!
贴现率就是把以后的钱变成现在的钱的那个比率!
现值(PV),present value 指资金或者资产贴现后的价值
贴现率就是贴现是采用的比率,一般是考虑了通货膨胀和风险报酬的市场平均报酬率
贴现公式为 pv= f/(1+i) 其中 f是资金的未来流量 pv为其现值
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