初二英语直接引语变间接引语 急急急

剖析直接引语变间接引语

一、定义：直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。直接引语前后一般要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语变间接引语的总则：1、去掉引号看句型；2、人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词相应变；3、陈述语序很重要。
1、去掉引号看句型：(1)直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）。直接引语中的said to sb 变为间接引语时用told sb。（2）直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时：A、如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用连词whether/if引导。主句中的谓语动词时said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me,us,you,him,her,them或某个人名）；B、如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导。（3）直接引语如果是祈使句，要用此句型：tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not,为肯定式时则不加not。
2、人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词相应变：
（1）人称的变化规则：一从主，二从宾，三不变。
一从主：He said to Tom,"I can help them."
He told Tom （that） he could help them.
二从宾：He said to Tom,"You can help them."
He told Tom（that) he could help them.
三不变：He said to Tom,"Lucy can help them."
He told Tom (that) Lucy could help them.
从举例中，去理解人称的变化规则。一从主：即引号中的直接引语的人称为第一人称（I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours），变为间接引语时，要与主句的主语保持一致。二从宾：即引号中的直接引语的人称为第二人称（you,your,yours），变为间接引语时，要与主句的宾语保持一致。三不变：即引号中直接引语的人称为第三人称（he,him,his/she,her,hers/it,its/they,them,their,theirs或某个人名），变为间接引语时，人称保持不变。
(2)时态的变化规则：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。

主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作如下的变化。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 am/is/are
do/does 一般过去时 was/were
did
现在进行时am/is/are+doing 过去进行时was/were+doing
现在完成时have/has+动词过去分词 过去完成时had+动词过去分词
一般过去时 was/were
did 过去完成时 had+been
had+动词过去分词
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时will/shall+动词原形 过去将来时should/would+动词原形
can could
may might
(3)指示代词的变化规则：
直接引语 间接引语
指示
代词 this 这 that 那
these 这些 those 那些
(4)时间状语的变化规则：

时间
状语 直接引语 间接引语
now现在 then那时
today今天 that day那天
this week本周 that week那周
yesterday昨天 the day before前一天
the day before yesterday前天 two days before前两天
last week上周 the week before前一周
three days ago三天以前 three days before前三天
tomorrow明天 the next day第二天
the day after tomorrow后天 two days later过两天
next week 下周 the next week第二周
（5）地点状语和动词的变化规则：
直接引语 间接引语
地点状语 here这里 there那里
动词 come来 go去
3、陈述语序很重要：（1）直接引语是陈述句时，本身已是陈述语序，就不必作任何变化。（2）直接引语是疑问句时，在将其变为间接引语时，就要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，规则为：如果疑问句中是借助的do/does/did，则去掉；如果疑问句中是提前的be/助/情态动词，则回原位。
注意：直接引语变为间接引语时的变化应根据实际情况而定。如果在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow就不必变；如果在当地转述，here 和come也不必变成there和go。在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，常用一般现在时。
三、例题练习
1、She said ,"My brother wants to go with me."
2、He said to Kate,"You can go to the park today."
3、He said ,"Are you a student?"
4、The father asked the son ,"Where are you going？"
5、She asked ,"Did you watch TV yesterday?"
6、Lucy asked Mary ,"When will you visit the museum?"
7、He said ,"The moon moves around the sun."
8、The teacher said to Tom ,"Don't be late for school."
9、"Eat a lot of vegetables every day" the doctor said to the girl.
10、He asked me ,"How often do you go shopping?"
11、They said ,"We shall write to you this week ."
12、She said ,"Will you go with me?"
13、He asked me ,"Can you speak French?"
14、She said ,"They are swimming now."
15、The mother said to the son ,"Don't sleep late."
16、He said ,"It will be sunny tomorrow."

引语
."I like stories."Lily said to us.
Lily( told )us( that ) ( she ) ( liked )storis.
2."The sun is a star."The teacher told us.
The teacher told us ( that )the sun( is )a star.
3."Are you going to return it?"Marcia asked Lily.
Marcia asked Lily( if )( she ) ( was )going to return it.
4."What is Tom doing now?"the teacher said.
The teacher ( asked )( what )( Tom ) ( was )doing( then )
5."Where will you go?"mother asked me.
Mother asked me ( where )( I )( would )go.
6"Why do you want to copy my homework?"I asked Lana
I asked Lana (why ) ( she ) (wanted )to copy ( my )homework
7."I am watching TV."Ben said.
Ben ( told ) me (that )( he)( was ) watching TV
8."Don't smoke here.Tom"The old man said.
The old man ( told )Tom( not ) ( to )smoke( there )
9."Why are you late for school today.John."He said.
He asked ( why)( John) (was )late for school( that )day.
10."Can Icopy your homework?"Lucy said.
Lucy ( asked )me ( if )( she ) ( could )copy ( my )homework

I like stories."Lily said to us.
Lily( told )us( that ) (she ) (liked )storis.
2."The sun is a star."The teacher told us.
The teacher told us ( that )the sun(is )a star.
3."Are you going to return it?"Marcia asked Lily.
Marcia asked Lily( if )( she ) (was )going to return it.
4."What is Tom doing now?"the teacher said.
The teacher ( asked )( what)( Tom) ( was )doing(then )
5." Where will you go?"mother asked me.
Mother asked me (Where )( I )( would)go.
6"Why do you want to copy my homework?"I asked Lana
I asked Lana ( Why) ( she ) ( wanted)to copy ( my )homework
7."I am watching TV."Ben said.
Ben ( told ) me (that )( he)( was) watching TV
8."Don't smoke here.Tom"The old man said.
The old man ( asked )Tom( not ) ( to )smoke( there )
9."Why are you late for school today.John."He said.
He asked (why) （I）(was )late for school( that )day.
10."Can Icopy your homework?"Lucy said.
Lucy ( asked )me (if )(she ) (could )copy (my )homework

."I like stories."Lily said to us.
Lily( told )us(that ) (she ) (liked )storis.
2."The sun is a star."The teacher told us.
The teacher told us ( that )the sun( is )a star.
3."Are you going to return it?"Marcia asked Lily.
Marcia asked Lily( if )( she ) ( was )going to return it.
4."What is Tom doing now?"the teacher said.
The teacher ( asked )( what )( Tom ) ( was )doing( then )
5."Where will you go?"mother asked me.
Mother asked me ( where )( I )(would )go.
6"Why do you want to copy my homework?"I asked Lana
I asked Lana ( why) ( she ) (wanted )to copy ( my )homework
7."I am watching TV."Ben said.
Ben ( told ) me ( that)(he)( was) watching TV
8."Don't smoke here.Tom"The old man said.
The old man ( told )Tom( not ) (to )smoke( there )
9."Why are you late for school today.John."He said.
He asked ( John )(why ) (he's )late for school( that )day.
10."Can Icopy your homework?"Lucy said.
Lucy ( asked )me (if )( she ) (could )copy ( my )homework

1."I like stories."Lily said to us.
Lily( told )us( that ) ( she ) ( liked )storis.
2."The sun is a star."The teacher told us.
The teacher told us ( that )the sun( is )a star.
3."Are you going to return it?"Marcia asked Lily.
Marcia asked Lily( if )( she ) ( was )going to return it.
4."What is Tom doing now?"the teacher said.
The teacher ( asked )( what )( Tom ) ( was )doing( then )
5."Where will you go?"mother asked me.
Mother asked me ( where )( I )( would )go.
6"Why do you want to copy my homework?"I asked Lana
I asked Lana (why ) ( she ) (wanted )to copy ( my )homework
7."I am watching TV."Ben said.
Ben ( told ) me (that )( he)( was ) watching TV
8."Don't smoke here.Tom"The old man said.
The old man ( told )Tom( not ) ( to ) smoke( there )
9."Why are you late for school today.John."He said.
He asked ( why)( John) (was )late for school( that )day.
10."Can I copy your homework?"Lucy said.
Lucy ( asked ) me ( if ) ( she ) ( could )copy ( my )homework