硫酸是重要的化工原料,二氧化硫生成三氧化硫是硫酸工业的重要反应之一.(1)将0.100mol SO2(g)和0.06

2025-03-25 03:51:42
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①从平衡角度分析采用过量O2的目的是,利用廉价原料提高物质转化率,加入氧气提高二氧化硫的转化率,故答案为:提高二氧化硫的转化率;
②将0.100mol SO2(g)和0.060mol O2(g)放入容积为2L的密闭容器中,反应2SO2(g)+O2(g)?2SO3(g)在一定条件下达到平衡,测得c(SO3)=0.040mol/L,2SO2(g)+O2(g)?2SO3
起始量(mol/L) 0.05     0.03      0
变化量(mol/L)0.04     0.02      0.04
平衡量(mol/L)0.01      0.01      0.04
平衡常数K=

0.042
0.01 2×0.01
=1600,
故答案为:1600;
③K(300℃)>K(350℃),说明温度越高平衡常数越小,反应逆向进行,即升温平衡逆向进行,二氧化硫转化率减小,故答案为:减小;
④2SO2(g)+O2(g)?2SO3(g),反应是气体体积变小的放热反应
A.二氧化硫和三氧化硫起始量和变化量有关,SO2和SO3 浓度相等,不能说明反应达到平衡状态,故A错误;  
B.因为反应前后总质量不变,总物质的量在变,所以容器中混合气体的平均分子量保持不变,说明反应达到平衡状态,故B正确;
C.反应前后压强不同,容器中气体的压强不变,说明反应达到平衡状态,故C正确;    
D.SO3的生成速率与SO2的消耗速率相等,说明平衡正向进行,不能说明反应达到平衡状态,故D错误;
故答案为:BC;
(2)平衡常数只与温度有关,与压强无关,在温度不变的条件下,无论压强怎样变化,平衡常数都不变,故答案为:=;
(3)将2mol SO2和1mol O2加入甲容器中,将4mol SO3加入乙容器中,隔板K不能移动.此时控制活塞P,使乙的容积为甲的2倍,分析可知甲、乙中最后达到相同的平衡状态;
①若移动活塞P,使乙的容积和甲相等,增大压强,平衡正向进行,SO3的体积分数增大,SO3的体积分数甲小于乙,故答案为:小于;
②甲为恒温恒容容器,加入氦气总压增大,分压不变,平衡不变,则c(SO3)/c(SO2)不变,故答案为:不变;
(4)在第5分钟末将容器的体积缩小一半后,压强增大平衡正向进行,若在第8分钟末达到新的平衡(此时SO3的浓度约为0.25mol/L),依据三氧化硫浓度变化和平衡浓度画出变化图象为,故答案为:

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